The Continent of Antarctica remains a mystery even today.
We do not seem to know as much as we have of the Arctic.
Research has it that the Arctic had an advanced civilization and Sanatana Dharma was present there.
The Rig Veda was composed in the Arctic and Rig Veda Mandala City has been found in Arkaim, Russia.
Siberians worship Ayur Devathas even today.
Lake Baikal was the Vaikansa Theertha.
Krishna’s son Pradhyumna built the city of Port Baijn in Russia.
Please read my articles on these.
But not much is known about Antarctica.
There are speculations that Aliens might be there, it might be a base for UFOs!
Google Map has identified a massive line running for about 3 Kilometers under the Antarctic Ice, which is not made by Nature.
Expeditions to Antarctic have returned and their reports have been suppressed by the US.
I shall be writing in detail on these shortly.
Meanwhile let us see whether we have any reference to antarctic in Hinduism.
The Antarctic was away from the Jambu Dweepa and it has been described in the Purnas, especially in the Vishnu Purana.
Golden Swastika in Antarctica
Sub-glacial rivers Antarctica
Jamudweepa Described by Hinduism
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1.Jambu Dweepa, surrounded by Salt Sea.(lavana)
2.Palaksha Dwipa, Surrounded by Sugar Cane Juice.(Ikshu)
3.Salmali Dwipa, surrounded by a Sea of Wine(Sura)
4.Kusa Dwipa, surrounded by a sea of Clarified Butter,Ghee(Sarpi)
5Krauncha Dwipa , surrounded by a sea of Curds(Durghda)
6.Pushkara is surrounded by a Sea of Fresh..
A reservoir of water three times the volume of all the oceans has been discovered deep beneath the Earth’s surface. The finding could help explain where Earth’s seas came from.
The water is hidden inside a blue rock called ringwoodite that lies 700 kilometres underground in the mantle, the layer of hot rock between Earth’s surface and its core
Asuras mean powerful despite the evil connotations ascribed to them.
This misinterpretation is by the West to confuse.
Indra has been described as as Asura in the Rig Veda, clearly proving the interpretation of Asuras as Evil to be incorrect.
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Monier-Williams traces the etymological roots of Asura (असुर) to Asu (असु), which means life of the spiritual world or departed spirits. In the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, Monier Williams states the Asuras are “evil spirits, demon and opponent of the gods”. Asuras connote the chaos-creating evil, in Hindu and Persian (Arians) mythology about the battle between good and evil.
Bhargava states the word, Asura, including its variants, asurya and asura, occurs “88 times in the Rigveda, 71 times in the singular number, four times in the dual, 10 times in the plural, and three times as the first member of a compound. In this, the feminine form, asuryaa, is included twice. The word, asurya, has been used 19 times as an abstract noun, while the abstract form asuratva occurs 24 times, 22 times in each of the 22 times of one hymn and twice in the other two hymns”.
Asura is used as an adjective meaning “powerful” or “mighty”. In the Rigveda, two generous kings, as well as some priests, have been described as asuras. One hymn requests a son who is an asura. In nine hymns, Indra is described as asura. Five times, he is said to possess asurya, and once he is said to possess asuratva. Agni has total of 12 asura descriptions, Varuna has 10, Mitra has eight, and Rudra has six. Bhargava gives a count of the word usage for every Vedic deity.The Book 1 of Rig Veda describesSavitr (Vedic solar deity) as an Asura who is a “kind leader
( ‘White cloud with a pearly necklace of waves rippling on the shores below‘.
Near to that is the Sudharshana Lake with ‘silvery lotuses which have fibrils of gold‘ and where ‘kingly swans scamper around‘.
Valmiki might be referring to Mount Cook & Lake Pukaki of New Zealand,.
Valmiki in Sundara Kand goes on to describe other areas near by thus.
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44b, 45, 46a. tasya madhye= in its, centre [of milk ocean]; divya gandhaiH= with heavenly, fragrances; kusumitaiH= [ever flowered; aacitaiH= closely [growing]; nagaiH vR^itaH= with trees, surrounded with; R^iSabhaH naama= Rishabha, named; mahaan parvataH= colossal, mountain; shvetaH= white – mountain; jvalitaiH hema kesaraiH= with sparkling, golden fibrils; raajataiH padmaiH= with silver [like, lotuses [- which is replete with]; raaja hamsaiH samaakulam= with kingly, swans, scampered; naamnaa sudarshanam naama= by name, as Sudarshana, renowned as; saraH ca = lake, also; [assit= are there.]
“In the centre of that milk ocean there is a white mountain of colossal size, named Rishabha, surrounded with closely growing trees ever flowered with flowers of heavenly fragrance. And a lake renowned as Lake Sudarshana is also there, which is replete with silvery lotuses whose fibrils are golden in sparkle, and in which kingly swans will be scampering about. [4-40-44b, 45, 46a]
46b, 47a. vi budhaaH= supreme, intellectuals [gods, caaraNaa yakSaaH kinnaraaH= caarana-s, yaksha-s, kinnaraa-s; sa apsaraH gaNaaH= with, apsara, hosts of; hR^iSTaaH= gladly; riramsavaH= to enjoy frolicking – frolicsomely; taam naliniim = that, lotus-lake [Sudarshana Lake]; samadhigacChanti= they will be arriving at.
“To enjoy frolicking in that Sudarshana Lake the gods, caarana-s, yaksha-s, kinnaraa-s and hosts of apsara females will be arriving at that lotus-lake gladsomely. [4-40-46b, 47a]
46b, 47a. vi budhaaH= supreme, intellectuals [gods, caaraNaa yakSaaH kinnaraaH= caarana-s, yaksha-s, kinnaraa-s; sa apsaraH gaNaaH= with, apsara, hosts of; hR^iSTaaH= gladly; riramsavaH= to enjoy frolicking – frolicsomely; taam naliniim = that, lotus-lake [Sudarshana Lake]; samadhigacChanti= they will be arriving at.
“To enjoy frolicking in that Sudarshana Lake the gods, caarana-s, yaksha-s, kinnaraa-s and hosts of apsara females will be arriving at that lotus-lake gladsomely. [4-40-46b, 47a]
47b, 48a. vaanaraaH = oh, vanara-s; kSiirodam samatikramya= milky ocean, on crossing over; sarva bhuuta bhayaavaham= for all, beings, frightening; jala= sof-water; udam saagaram= as waters, ocean [ocean with soft water; tataH shiighram drakSyatha= then, immediately, you shall see.
“And on crossing over the milky ocean, oh vanara-s, then you will be immediately seeing the soft-water ocean which will be frightening to all beings. [4-40-47b, 48a]
8b, 49a. tatra= there; tat kopa jam= that, from anger, originated – originated from the anger of Aurasa; mahat= fantastic one; haya mukham = horse, face; tejaH kR^itam= by refulgent Fire, made – by the anger of Aurasa; sa cara a caram= with, mobile, not, mobile [sessile beings]; mahaa vegam= highly speedy [waves of ocean]; tat= that [water of ocean]; asya odanam aahuH= its [to the Fire,] victuals, said to be.
“There exists a fantastically refulgent Fire in the form of Horse’s Face that originated from the anger of Sage Aurasa. The victuals to that Fire is said to be that highly speedy waves of the ocean, together with all of the mobile and sessile beings of the world at the close of each Era. [4-40-48b, 49a]
Aurasa derives from the word uuru, meaning ‘the thigh.’ The mother this sage hid him under her thigh when some kings came to kill, as such he got this name. Then with vengeance this sage started to burn the world with his yogic fire, but his manes came to him to pacify and asked him to release his yogic fire in oceanic water. When he did so, that fire remained underwater, ready to emerge from a cavity like that of a she-horse’s mouth, from beneath the ocean from the South Pole. This fire is called vaDaba agni, orbaDaba anala , referred here as Horse’s Face. At the time of yuga anta, End of Era, that fire emerges out, and the whole creation, with all its sessile and mobile beings, becomes its fuel, as said in next verse. This episode is detailed in aadi parva , First Canto, Maha Bharata.
50. svaadu udasya uttare deshe= soft, water’s [ocean’s northern, province; trayaH dasha yojanaani = three, ten [thirteen,] yojana-s – in spread; su mahaan= hugely, enormous; kanaka prabhaH= golden, in glitter; jaataruupa shilaH naama= Jaataruupa-shila, Golden, Rock, famed as [mountain; aasiit= is there.]
“On the northern province of that soft-water ocean there is a hugely enormous mountain named Jaataruupa-shila, Golden Rock Mountain, which glitters like gold and which spreads across thirteen yojana-s. [4-40-50]’
Now a Russian Expedition has found a massive Swastika underneath Antarctic Ice!
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The Russian scientific team that has successfully drilled 3,768 meters into the world’s largest submerged lake on the continent of Antarctica, believed to be untouched for over 20 million years, states that the underwater video camera discovered the “striking image” of a “golden-like swastika” estimated to be no less than 100 meters in height and width.
According to this report, the discovery of this underwater swastika was made late January, followed immediately by the Ministry ordering the scientists who have been working on this project for the past 20 years into silence.
Highly specialized encrypted communication devices has been dispatched to them. This unusual secrecy has added to existing fears as they had been “out of communication” for 5 days. Upon their receiving their new communication “devices” the scientists released their first report to the world through Russian state media’s RIA Novosti which added into their announcement of this historic mission the following:
It is thought that towards the end of the Second World War, the NAZIs moved to the South Pole and started constructing a base at Lake Vostok. In 1943, Grand Admiral Karl Dontiz was quoted saying
“Germany’s submarine fleet is proud that it created an unassailable fortress for the Fuehrer on the other end of the world, in Antarctica.”
With the current events at Lake Vostok, an old theory saying that German Nazis may have built a secret base there as early as the 1930s, has resurfaced. It is thought that towards the end of the Second World War, the Nazis moved to the South Pole and started constructing a base in Antarctica.
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Ancient ruins of Antarctica hidden city discovered by Atlantis TV production crew, who went missing since november 2002.
USA government tried to block the airing of a video found by Navy rescuers in Antarctica that purportedly reveals that a massive archaeological dig is underway two miles (3,200 meters) beneath the ice.
USA government has no jurisdiction in that continent and the Atlantis TV company is trying to get back the original video.
Now, scientists claim that Antarctica was much warmer 12000 years ago and humans inhabited it.
Recently they discovered three man made huge pyramid like structures in antarctica, which seem to be older than their egyptian counterparts.”
I have to refer, in my attempt to unravel Indian History, to a lot of materiel from Archaeology,Astronomy, Etymology,History,Linguistics, local, foreign Legends,Religious texts,Ancient maps and the temples around the world.
Our History of Humans tell us that the Humans are dated to 200,000 years ago.
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Genetic measurements indicate that the ape lineage which would lead to Homo sapiens diverged from the lineage that would lead to chimpanzees (the closest living relative of modern humans) around six million years ago. It is thought that the Australopithecine genus, which were likely the first apes to walk upright, eventually gave rise to genus Homo. Anatomically modern humans arose in Africa about 200,000 years ago, and reached behavioural modernity about 50,000 years ago.
Modern humans spread rapidly from Africa into the frost-free zones of Europe and Asia around 60,000 years ago. The rapid expansion of humankind to North America and Oceania took place at the climax of the most recent Ice Age, when temperate regions of today were extremely inhospitable. Yet, humans had colonized nearly all the ice-free parts of the globe by the end of the Ice Age, some 12,000 years ago. Other hominids such as Homo erectus had been using simple wood and stone tools for millennia, but as time progressed, tools became far more refined and complex. At some point, humans began using fire for heat and cooking. They also developed language in the Palaeolithic period and a conceptual repertoire that included systematic burial of the dead and adornment of the living. Early artistic expression can be found in the form of cave paintings and sculptures made from wood and bone, showing a spirituality generally interpreted as animism, or even shamanism. During this period, all humans lived as hunter-gatherers, and were generally nomadic. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cove”
(wiki, link provided at the end of the article)
Map of the Creator.
and Human written History is said to have begun around 8000 years ago.
Dashka Stone Map.
‘The Neolithic Revolution, beginning about 8,000 BCE, saw the development of agriculture, which drastically changed the human lifestyle.Mesopotamia is the site of the earliest developments of the Neolithic Revolution. It has been identified as having “inspired some of the most important developments in human history including the invention of the wheel, the planting of the first cereal crops and the development of cursive script, Mathematics, Astronomy and Agriculture'(wiki)
A Map ,called as The map of the Creator as found in Russia.
It is the Dashka Stone Map.
It is a 3 D Version .
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The Dashka stone is a unique artifact of unknown origin with (allegedly) a three-dimensional map of the Ural region. The stone was found in the village of Chandra in Bashkortostan, Russian Federation. According to researchers, the Dashka Stone constitutes evidence of the existence of an ancient civilization with high technical and cultural levels. If it is true it can also serve to confirm the views of creationists on the civilization of people before and shortly after the Global Flood.
There are many ancient legends in Bashkortostan of a strange plates with ornaments. In 1921, historian Vakhrushev, who visited the Chandar mentioned them in his report. He reported about six boards, but four have been lost. And the sources of the nineteenth century states that there were two hundred boards.
A stone slab measuring 1.5 meters by one meter and over 20 cm in thickness was brought to scientists at Bashkir state university, headed by the rector, Professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Alexander Nikolayevich Chuvyrov.
They obtained in 1999 a three-layer plate, which, according to Chuvyrov, was made by artificial means.
The first layer of 18 centimeters is cement or ceramic on the basis of dolomite.
The second layer of about an inch – enriched with silicon, to give a picture strength. Microhardness of slightly less than that of corundum.
Third porcelain layer several millimeters. Perhaps, in order to create diffused light, to illuminate the card.
Uralskiy region with similar image
It is noted that at the plate allegedly plotted map showing the location of Ufa elevated to the modern city Meleuz. This image is a relief, according to modern concepts, you can get it from cosmic heights. It is alleged that on the map Dashka stone marked waterworks system and channel length of 15,000 kilometers, dams, 12 dams up to a mile wide and powerful water intakes. Rhomboid are designated areas – they were far from the channels. According Chuvyrova – so runways. According Chuvyrova: those who then lived and built, either flew or used the water route, since no roads are on the map.
The map also has numerous inscriptions. It is believed that this hieroglyphic-syllabic language of unknown origin. What the inscriptions say is currently unclear.
Some researchers claim that the stone is not artificial, but a purely natural origin, and the system of cracks has nothing to do with the scheme of the rivers of Bashkortostan. A layer of one mineral over another is not something surprising. There are stones, for example, with a layer of quartz on top. There are also “Moonstone” and “solar stone” with the same system of cracks. The constancy of angles proves just natural, pure crystallographic effect.
1.No other text in the world describes such vast stretches of Time.
2.Daksha Prajpathi was the first Human.
According to Hindu legend, Daksha is one of the sons of Lord Brahma reside in North West, who, after creating the ten Manas Putras, created Daksha, Dharma, Kamadeva and Agni from his right thumb, chest, heart and eyebrows respectively.
6.Krishna’s son Pradhyumna founded Port Baijn in Russia.
7.Indra’s Vaikanasa Theertha was in Russia.
8.Russia was called Sthree Varsha, Kingdom of Women.
9.Lake Baikal was Vaikanasa Theertha.
10. Arkaim city in Russia as built on the Rig Vedic mandala Design and was called the Swastika City.
11.Daksha Hid in Antarctica, fearing Lord Shiva’s wrath.
12.Swasthik Mark was found submerged in Antarctic Ice.
Considering these facts it is safe to postulate that Daksha Created the 3 D Map of the Creator.
It is interesting to note that Daksha is called the Creator of mankind in Hinduism.
The name Map of the Creator was given by the West.
Please read my articles on the points mentioned above.
PRAVDA.Ru will hold an on-line press conference with Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Science AlexanderChuvyrov. The professor of Bashkir State University found indisputable evidence of the existence of an ancient, highly developed civilization in the Urals.
His find is a huge slab, whose age is supposed to be about 120 million years.
“Our research topic is about the possible migration of ancient Chinese to the territory of modern Russia: Siberia and Urals. We have discovered letters on the rocks made in ancient Chinese about 3000 years ago.
During our research in the Ufa archives, we discovered notes from the end of 18th century about 200 unusual ancient stone plates. Our idea was that these plates are somehow connected to Chinese migrants.
Thus we were looking for an ancient civilization, but much closer to ourselves. We were expecting to see nothing more than hieroglyphs or pictures with a running mammoth and deer typical for that period. There were six expeditions organized, and in 28 July 1999, at 1.06 meters underground, we found the plate now called “Dashkin kamen” (“kamen” is stone in Russian).
It has a significant size: about 1.5 meters in height, more than 1 meter wide, and 16 cm thick. It weights more than 1 ton. In the scientists- opinion, it is a relief, a 3-D map.
We were absolutely happy; we thought we found a product made more 2000 years ago. The plate itself is artificial. It was produced from a special cement of three layers, and the third layer is a white-colored porcelain. It should be noticed that the relief on this plate was not cut manually with some ancient stonecutter. It is evident that some mechanical work was done.
There is a region from Ufa up to the town of Salavat represented on the plate. Ufa’s hills are very familiar from one side. From the other side there are some changes.
Firstly, we were surprised by the Ufa canyon: the break in the earth-s crust from the present Ufa to the present Sterlitomak city. There was a river in it 2-3 kilometers deep and 3-4 kilometers wide.
Nevertheless, this break is one of the principal points of our theory.
We conducted geological research and found it’s track in the place where it should be theoretically.
Tectonic plates from the East crushed it for about 10-15 kilometers to the West. We assume that, now, the Urshak River is in the place of this former canyon.
There are not only rivers, but two systems of channels up to 500 meters wide and a total length of 12,000 kilometers. The whole hydro system includes 12 dams 300-500 meters wide, 10 kilometers long, and 2-3 kilometers deep.
They made it possible to turn water from any side into any channel.
About 1000 trillion cubic meters of soil were moved to create this.”
What has been touted as legends without basis and figments of imagination is found to be true.
The Rig Veda has been dated beyond accepted 5000 BC.
Ancient Chess Pieces at Madurai keeladi.
Dwaraka is about 30, 000 years old..
Poompuhar, Tamil Nadu is 20,000 years old.
Million Years old advanced Tamil Site has been found in Chennai.
Lord Rama is dated at 5114 BC.
Sangam Age find, Madurai
Million year old Kannada Brahmi script was found in Karnataka.
Tamil Brahmi in Potsherds,Madurai, Tamil Nadu.Madurai Sangam artifacts.
Tamil Brahmi is found in Harappa.
Madurai, Tamil Nadu has a hoary past.
Lord Krishna and Arjuna married Pandyan Princesses at Madurai, had children..
Lord zkrishna visited Yanai Malai,Elephant Hill near Madurai.
Madurai is called Moodur in Tamil, meaning old city.
Vedic people and Greeks/Italians had trade with Madurai.
The present Madurai is later one
Earlier there was another Madurai, south of the present Madurai, called Then Madurai, South Madurai.
It was near Madagascar in the Indian Ocean.
This was here Lord Rama’s ancestor Vaivswatha Manu meditated.
Rama’s ancestor migrated from here to Ayodhya.
This city hosted Tamil Poets’ Conclave.
The city, along with Huge landmass , Lemuria was inundated by a Tsunami.
All this sounds pure imagination!
Please read my articles on each of these by Googling the search term +ramanan50.
Now there is further evidence that Madurai existed at least by 3 BC.
Keezhadi, Madurai of Sangam age Map,.
Carbon dating dating is yet to be carried out.
Archaeologists opine that it could date back to another 10,000 years back.
Burnt Bricks used to Build houses, Chess Pieces, Micro Pearls, intricate potteries were found.
Archaeological report.
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At Keezhadi, a village not far from the southern bank of the Vaigai river near Madurai, the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) is undertaking a massive excavation, possibly its biggest to date in Tamil Nadu. Already 42 trenches have been dug in two locations in a coconut grove at a place called Pallichandai Thidal in the village. K. Amarnath Ramakrishna, Superintending Archaeologist, ASI’s Excavation Branch VI, Bengaluru, is leading the excavation, which has thrown up quite a few surprises and is attracting many visitors, among them schoolchildren and tourists. Amarnath takes time off to explain to visitors the significance of the finds. One such is a “deep terracotta ring well with 13 rings” that promises to go down further. “Here we have a ring well in association with a structure built of big-sized bricks. This is a peculiarity,” he tells a few visiting archaeology buffs. He contrasts this with the ring well excavated at Vasavasamudram near Kalpakkam (near Chennai), which stood independent of any other structure. The same is the case at Arikkamedu near Puducherry, he adds.
The structure associated with the well is made of burnt bricks, and the floor is also paved with big bricks. In fact, trench after trench, each five metres long and five metres wide and several metres deep, has structures made of burnt bricks. No mud bricks have been used. One trench features two brick walls, looking imposing and meeting each other. One of the walls is ten bricks thick and set in mud mortar. Each brick is 36 cm long, 24 cm wide and 6 cm thick. Another trench features a rectangular brick structure that looks like an antechamber. Large-sized hand-made grooved tiles have also been found in this trench, suggesting that the structure may have had a tiled roof. One trench has a channel made of bricks, perhaps for releasing water. In most of the trenches, below a certain level, layers of river sand have been found, signalling the existence of paleochannels in the area many centuries ago. There are big storage jars, pots with spouts, twin pots, big decorated pots, black and red pottery, white-painted black ware, and so on, jutting out of the trench walls.
“It is a fish,” exclaimed one of the children. Vadivel took out artefact after artefact and held them up for the children to see —pearl micro-beads, a big quartz bead with a superb engraving, ivory dices, terracotta human figurines, a copper rod for painting eyelashes, bangles made of conch shells, potsherds with Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions, arretine ware, and shining white-painted black pottery. At the end of it, the children appeared mesmerised. “Were all these that were shown now found here?” asked one of them.
In fact, all these and more found here point to this being a Sangam Age site. “This is definitely a Tamil Sangam Age site…. It was a habitation site. It was purely a Sangam Age site,” said Amarnath Ramakrishna. What is “impressive” is the discovery of big brick structures in the trenches. “We have got good structures. We have found big-sized walls.” Similar brick structures were found at Arikkamedu, Kancheepuram, Uraiyur, Kaveripoompattinam and Azhagankulam. “On the basis of a comparative study of Keezhadi with these sites and the availability of black and red ware at stratigraphically lower levels, we can say that this site belongs to the 3rd century BCE. This is tentative. We have not done carbon-dating yet,” the Director of Excavation said. The Sangam Age of the Early Historic period is datable from circa 3rd century BCE to 3rd century C.E. Keezhadi derives its importance from its proximity to Madurai, the capital city of the Pandya dynasty. The Pandya kings were known for their patronage in convening assemblies or gatherings, called Sangam, at Madurai, where Tamil literature was composed and compiled…
had on them the Tamil-Brahmi script. The trenches also yielded black and red ware, Roman arretine ware, rouletted ware, hundreds of beads made of semi-precious stones, ivory dices, iron spearheads and so on. “We have got a rich haul of antiquities. They show the nature of the habitation site of the Tamil Sangam Age and provide evidence about the culture that existed then,” said Vedachalam, who retired as Senior Epigraphist, Tamil Nadu Archaeology Department.
K. Rajan, Professor of History, Pondicherry University, who visited Keezhadi, also asserted that it was an Early Historic site that had many urban components. “It was one of the urban centres on the Vaigai river basin. It was located between the capital city of Madurai and the port city of Azhagankulam of the Pandya country,” he said. Its urban components were indicated by its civic amenities, external trade, existence of a multi-ethnic society, a communication system, use of luxury items, occurrence of expensive pottery, and so on. The discovery of carnelian beads indicated Keezhadi’s external trade links—the carnelian stone came from Gujarat. Luxury items such as pearl micro-beads and ivory dices showed that the Early Historic residents of Keezhadi had surplus wealth. Potsherds with Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions showed the prevalence of a communication system. While Brahmi was the script used, the language used was both Tamil and Prakrit. The name “Tissa” inscribed in Brahmi script on a potsherd belonged to the Prakrit language. Rajan was sure that the Prakrit name signalled that Keezhadi had maritime trade with Sri Lanka.
The first season of excavation began on March 2, 2015, and ended in September. Forty-two trenches were dug and, astonishingly, many of them yielded structures made of large-sized bricks that typically belong to the Early Historic period. For instance, a trench dug in the highest point of the mound yielded a massive brick wall. They were all burnt bricks. Another trench yielded a pot with a conical bottom, whose occurrence was rare. Yet another trench yielded a small room built of bricks, whose floor had a spread of river sand. This led to a debate on whether it was a dry toilet. The centre of the mound revealed a lot of structural activity. Small brick-built rooms threw up plenty of pots.
A bonanza of artefacts was found in almost every trench. What stood out was a big quartz bead with a superbly made engraving. “We can say with confirmation that it was made about 2,200 years ago,” Amarnath Ramakrishna said. “It was found at a depth of 180 cm,” he added. A perforated shallow dish was found as well. “This is a rarity in Tamil Nadu,” he said. Prized discoveries included gleaming pearl micro-beads and hundreds of beads made of semi-precious stones such as carnelian, agate, lapis lazuli and quartz. Glass beads were also found. From the surface of the mound, Vedachalam picked up a human terracotta figurine.
Other artefacts found in the trenches included shell bangles with decorations, ivory dice incised with concentric circles, terracotta gamesmen and spindle-whorls with iron roads (indicating the existence of a textile industry).
Amarnath Ramakrishna said: “The artefacts are a confirmation that Keezhadi was a trade centre and that a big town existed there [during the Early Historic period]. Stratigraphically, in the lower levels, we get all the material such as arretine ware, rouletted ware and white-painted black ware which are associated with the Early Historic period. A wealthy, cultured society must have lived there. Stratigraphically, we have found a lot of deposits which offer good evidence to correlate Madurai with the Sangam Age. This site definitely gives a clue to the date of the Sangam Age.”
1.Badgujar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Vashishtha.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Kalika.
From the vansha of Ramchandraji.
Branches – Sikarwar, Khadal, Batela, Raghav, Chopra, Bafna etc.
2.Gyatvanshi Kshatriya:
Tirthankar Mahavir was Rajput Kshatriya and belongs to this vansha. He later formed Jain Dharma.
3.Gour, Goud Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Yajurved.
Devi – Mahakali.
Ishta – Hridradev.
From the vansha of Lord Raja Jayadrata, Sinhaditya, Laxmanaditya also belongs to this vansha. States – Ajmer, Takshasheela, Awadh, Gohati, Shivgarh.
Branches – Amethiya Kshatriya .
Total 5 branches. Existed from 1290.
4.Raikwar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Yajurved.
King Suval, Shakuni belongs to this vansha.
States – Raikagarh near Jammu, Ramnagar, Rampur, Mathura etc. Named Raikwar as they belongs to Raikgarh.
This is a branch of Rathor.
5.Sikarwar Kshatriya:
Shikharwal, Sakarwar are the same.
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Kuldevi – Durga.
Devata – Vishnu.
This is a branch of Badgujar. Many kings belongs to this vansha.
State – Shikarwar (City). Branches – Kadoliya, Saraswar etc. 6.Dixit Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap.
Ved – Samved.
Devi – Durga (Chandi).
King Durgbhav belongs to this vansha. Samtat Vikramaditya has given them the title of Dixit as they belongs to Dikhitana. Being from the vansha of Raja Durgbhav the are called Durgvanshi. King Udaybhan, Banwarisingh, Gaibarshah also belongs to this vansha.
Branches – Durgvanshi, Kinwar.
States – Nevnatangarh, Umri, Phulwariya. Dixit surname also comes under Bhumihar caste which is different.
7.Gohil Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Banamata.
Kuldev – Mahadev.
Branches – Vajasniya. This is a branch of Gahlod vansh. Maharaja Gohil founded a state at the basin of Luni river which includes 350 villeges with capital Khergarh.
State – Sourashtra, Kathiyawarh, Gohilwarh, Bhavnagar, Sihor, Palitana etc. Grahadatta was the first king from Gohin vansha. Great king Shiladitya also belongs to this vansha. This vansha existed from 703.
This is a branch of Gahlod.
8.Suryavanshi Kshatriya:
These are Suryavanshi Kshatriya and their kul is also Suryavanshi.
Gothra – Bhardwaj, Kashyap, Savanya.
Guru – Vashishtha.
Ved – Yajurved. King Akaldev, Tilakdev etc. belongs to this vansha.
States – Shrinagar and Garhwal.
9.Singhel Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Kali.
State – Sinhalgarh.
Being from Sinhalgarh they are called Singhel.
Branches – Chhokar, Jadeja, Jaiswal, Khagar, Kharbad.
Sub-Branch – Jadoun.
10.Thakur Kshatriya:
Thakur – Thakurai Kshatriya are Suryavanshi.
Thakur is their Kul also. Notice: Thakur is not our caste, our caste is Rajput Kshartiya. Thakur is a title given to Rajput Kshatriya. There is also a different caste called thakur.
11.Nimivanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Vashishtha.
Ved – Yajurved
Gothra – Kashyap.
Ved – Samved.
This vansha is named after Nimi, son of Maharaja Ishwaku.
Branch – Nimodi kshatriya.
12.Sisodiya Kshatriya (Branch of Gahlod) :
Rana Vansha Being from Sisoda village they are called Sisodiya.
This is a third branch of historical Gahlod Rajputs.
They have same Gothra, Ved, Kuldevi and Isht dev as for Gahlod Vansha. The great heroes from history like Maharana Pratap, Chhatrapati Shivaji belongs to Sisodiya Vansha.
State – Udaypur.
Ranawat, Chundawat, Sangawat, Meghawat, Jagawat, Shaktawat, Kanhawat etc are included.
This is just like Chundawat is a son of Chunda, Shaktawat is a son of Shaktisingh. In Sanskrit, meaning of “wat” is son. The name of Kul begins with the name of Rajput King. The Rajput king who fighted in a battlefield (Ran) has given a title Rana and those who fought greatly were awared with a title Maharana.
13.Kachhwah Kshatriya:
Gothra – Goutam, Vashishtha
Kuldevi – Durga.
Isht – Ramchandraji.
From the vansha of Kusha. Famous king Prithviraj belongs to this vansha.
They have 21 branches – Narwar, Gwalior, Drawakunda, Majkotiya, Jasrotiya, Jammuwal, Dhar etc.
Semi-branches are Shekhawat, Dudhawat, Ratnawat, Rajwat, Bakawat, Pahadi Suryavanshi, Naruka, Jamuwal, Gudwar, Rai Malot, Mounas Kaushik, Manhas, Minhas etc.
State – Rohtasgarh, Amer, Jaipur, Amethi, Karmati, Fort of Gwalior.
Kings from this vansh are Sumitra, Suryasen, Sawai Jaishingh etc.
Their state existed from 1503 to (Sawai Jaisingh) 1930. There are also many branches and sub-branches of this vansha.
14.Rathor Kshatriya:
Gothra – Goutam, Kashyap, Shandilya.
Ved – Samved, Yajurved.
Devi – Pankhani, (Vindhyavasini). Nagnecha (nagana)
Isht – Ramchandraji.
Kings belongs to this vansh are Raav Bika (14650, King Jaichand, Veer Durgadas Rathor, Veer Amarsingh Rathor etc.
States – Idar, Jodhpur, Marwad, Bikaner, Kishangarh, Kannouj.
Having 24 branches and many sub-branches like – Chandawat, Champawat, Jaitawat, Jhabua, Kumpawat, Kailwarh, Raikwarh, Surwarh, Jayas, Kanoujia, Bikawat, Dangi, Kotecha, Kupawat, Jodhawat etc.
15.Nikumbha Kshatriya:
Gotra – Vashishtha, Bhardwaj.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Kalika. Nikumbha, Sagar, Bhagirath etc. were the kings from this vansha.
States – Mandalgarh, Fort of Alwar etc.
Branch – Kathariya.
16.Shrinet Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Samved.
Kuldevi – Chandrika.
This is a branch of Nikumbha. Kings from this vansha are Dirghabahu, Bahusuket, Shakun Dev etc.
State – Kapilvastu, Shrinagar etc.
Narouni Kshatriya is one of its branch. Being originated from Shrinagar they are called Shrinet.
17.Nagvanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap, Shunak.
Isht Dev – Nag Devta. Ashwasen, Ritusen belong to this vanshaRaj .
State – Mathura, Marwad, Kashmir, Chhota Nagpur.
Branches – Taank, Katoch, Takshak etc.
18.Bais Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Kuldevi – Kalika.
Ved – Yajurved.
Isht Dev – Shivji.
First king from this vansha was Harshawardhan. Other kings are Trilokchand, Vikramchand, Kartikchand, Ramchandra, Adharchandra, Narwardhan, Rajyawardhan etc.
States – Baiswada, Pratishthanpur etc.
Branches – Trilokchandi, Kotbahar, Rawat, Pratishthanpuri, Dodiya, Chandosiya, Kumbhi, Narwariya etc. Being originated from Baiswada they are called Bais.
19.Bisen Kshatriya:
Gothra – Parashar, Bhardwaj, Shandilya, Atri, Vatsya.
Ved – Samved.
Kuldevi – Durga.
Kings from this vansha are Mayurbhatt, Birsen. Vansh Bisen obtain its name from Raja Birsen. States – Bisenvatika, Gorakhpur, Mankapur, Pratapgarh.
Branches – Donwar, Bambwar, Bamtola.
20.Goutam Kshatriya:
Gothra – Goutam.
Ved – Yajurved.
Devi – Durga.
Isht Dev – Ramchandraji. This is the vansh who destroyed Shakya Dynesty.
Branches – Kandawar, Antoyya, Rawat, Maurya, Goniha.
Lord Goutam Buddha was born in this vansha, then after he founded Boudha Dhamma. Mahapurush Dhumraj also belongs to this Vansha.
Note: Bhoomihar community also has a caste Goutam which is different.
21.Raghuvanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap, Vashishtha.
Ved – Yajurved.
This vansha is named after Suryavanshi King Raghu who was born in the 54th generation of King Ishwaku. Raja Raghu was a great warrior, he conqured in all the directions and when he returned to his capital he performed Vishwajeet Yagya and donate all his wealth to the Bramhins. He defeated Kings of Suhadra desh, Bang desh, Basins of Ganga river. He marched towards north by defeating the kings of Durdul and Malay mountains. He destroyed the Hoon Kshatriyas and expanded his regime upto kailash. The history of Raghuwansh is very famous.
22.Rawat Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Chandika.
Vethhar is their place of orgin. This is a branch of Bais, and according to Kshatriya Bhaskar this is also a branch of Goutam.
23.Pundir Kshatriya:
Gothra – Pulutsya.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Dahima.
Veer Pundhir was the first king from this vansha. This vansha was very popular during the regime of Prithviraj Chouhan.
Kulwal, Kanpuriya and Dhakad are its branches.
Pundhir is Suryawanshi Kshatriya, Hrishivanshiya. This is a branch of Dahima Kshatriya.
Lahore was their state.
Being from the vansha of Punchrik they called Pundhir. Their ansistors ruled on Telangana (Andhra) and their territory was Jasmor. The world famous Shakhumbari Devi Fair is organised in this state. This temple is situeated in the terrains of Shivalik Temple.
Other Suryawanshi Kul Amethiya kshatriya from Amethi, Gohil, Kaktiya, Udmatiya, Madiyar, Chumiyal, Kulwal, Donwar, Dhakar, Maurya, Kakan, Shanguvanshi, Bambobar, Cholavanshi, Pundir, Dogra, Lichhawi etc.
Chandravansha
1.Somvanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Atri.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Mahalaxmi.
King Lakhansen was one of the king from this vansha.
State – Pratapgarh.
2.Yadav Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kondinya.
Ved – Yajurved.
Guru – Durvasa.
Kuldevi – Jogeshwari.
Lord Vishnu was born in this vansha. Raja Arjundev was also from this vansha.
States – Dwarka, Karoli, Kathiyawara.
3.Bhati Kshatriya:
They are also called as Somvanshi. Somvanshi belongs to the vansha of Pradyumna, elder brother of Lord Krishna. The first king from this vansha was Raja Jaisa Bhati. This brave king was the son of Baland Yadav. Raja Gajsingh, Abhaypal, Prithvipal, Maharawal, Ranjitsingh, Maharawal Shalini Vahan were also the kings from this vansha. State Jaisalmer, Sirmur, Mysore, Karoli, Jaisawat.
Branches – Sirmour, Jaiswar, Sarmour, Sirmuria, Kaleria Kshatriya, Jadeja. Rawal Jaisal founded Jaisalmer. The temple, palaces of this city are build from yellow stone. Raja Rawal ruled from 1212.
4.Jadeja Kshatriya:
At some places this vansha is also called as Chudasa.
State – Gondal state, Navnagar (Gujarat).
5.Tanwar/Tomar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Gargya.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Yogeshwari.
This is a branch of Yaduvanshi. Sinharaj was the first king from this vansha who ruled from 1013. Angpal and Tungpal were also from this vansha. Tomar vansha begins from Tungpal. He was the son of king Yayati from the vansha of Puru.
States – Delhi, Gwalior, Nuspur (Himachal), Paatan (Sikat).
Branches – Sub Branches – Beruar, Birwar, Badwar, Katiyar, Katouch, Jinwar, Indoria Kshatriya and Tirota Kshatriya. Indoria Kshatriya has branches – Raikwar, Jaiwar.
6.Kalchuri Kshatriya:
Kalchuriya : This is a Haihya Kshatriya Vansh.
Gothra – Krishnatreya, Kashyap.
Kuldevi – Durga and Vindhyavasini.
Devta – Shivji. Raja Kartvirya was from this vansha.
States – Ratanpur, Raipur, Koushal (M.P.) and Mahashati City. The inscription from this vansha are kept in a museum at Nagpur.
7.Koushik Kshatriya:
Gothra – Koushik.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Yogeshwari.
Devta – Shiv. Raja Koushik belongs to this vansha.
State – Gorakhpur, Gopalpur.
8.Sengar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Goutam, Shandilya.
Ved – Yajurved.
Devi – Vindhyavasini.
River – Sengar. Kings from this vansha are Chitrarath, Dashrath, Dharmrath.
States – Chedipradesh, Dakshinpradesh, Sourashtra, Malwa, Champanagari.
9.Chandel Kshatriya:
Gothra – Chandatreya (Chandrayan), Sheshdhar, Parashar and Goutam is also found.
Kuldevi – Maniyadevi. Devta – Hanumanji. Veer Shishupal, Chandrabramha (Chandravarma), Yashovarman was from this vansha. This vansha defined itself.
State – Chanderi (Gwalior). Many brave kings were from this vansha.
Chandel, Chanderi nagar, Khajuraho Temple, Madan Sagar of Mahoba are the glory symbols of this vansha. The mark of Hanuman was engraved on the coins of Chandel vansha.
10.Gaherwar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap.
Ved – Samved.
Devta – Vishnu, Mahadev.
State – Kashi and Kashipuri. Kashya, Dinadas, Manikchand were the kings from this vansha. Bundela is a branch of Gaherwar vansha and Bundelkhand is the state of Bundela vansha. Kherwad is the branch of Bundela.
11.Janwar/Janakwar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Koushik.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Chandika.
Research and historical inscription has proved that this vansha belongs to Maharaj Janmejay, grandson of Arjun.
States – Chhaoni in Gujarat, Japaner near Nimach and Pawagarh.
12.Jhala Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap.
Ved – Samved.
Kuldevi – Durga, Mahakali.
Isht – Mahadev.
Veer Kundmal, Harpal, Vijaypal were from this vansha.
States – Kuntalpur, Sekhrigarh, Krantigarh, Bikaner, Kathiyawarh, Jhalawarh, Limdi. When the three prince of Raja Harpal and Rani Shaktidevi were playing, an elephant lifted them. Rani Shaktidev catched them (“Jhel lena” in hindi) in her hands and from then this vansha is named Jhala.
13.Palwar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Vayaghra.
Ved – Samved.
Dev – Nag.
As they lived in Pali village, this vansha is named as Palawar.
14.Gangavanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kanvayan.
Ved – Samved.
This vansha was named after Raja Gangeya. The famous Jagannath temple at Puri was build by this vansha. This vansha also has its own calender.
15.Biladariya Kshatriya:
Gothra – Atri.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Yogeshwari. Raja Bhogpal migrated to Biladar and thereafter this vansha comes into existance.
16.Puruvanshi Kshatriya (Paur):
Gothra – Bahryasptya.
Ved – Yajurved.
Devi – Durga.
Devta – Shiv.
Paurav (Poras) was the son of King Ila. He fought with Alexander at the basin of river Jhelum. Branch – Bhardwaj.
17.Khaati Kshatriya:
Gothra – Atri, Bhardwaj.
Kuldevi – Durga. They are the Kshatriya from Garhwal. Kursela was their state. They are Bihari Kshatriya.
18.Kanhvanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Samved.
Kanhvansha begins from Raja Kanhsingh. The city of Kanpur is founded by them. Kaithola was their capital.
Branch – Kanpuria.
19.Kuruvanshi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Yajurved.
Devta – Bandi. Kuruvansha begins fromm Raja Kuru and Yaduvansha begins from Raja Yadu.
20.Katouch Kshatriya:
The fort and temple of Kangra (Himachal) was build by Katouch Kshatriya Vansha. The temple of Ambika devi is situated inside the fort.
Branch – Jaswal, Guleria.
21.Banafar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Koundilya, Kashyap.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Sharda. King Daksharaj and Bachharaj belongs to this vansha. Brave Alha and Udal were their sons also known as Malkhan and Sulkhan respectively. Pathania is their branch.
22.Bhardwaj Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Ved – Samved.
Kuldevi – Sharda. Bhardwaj vansha begins from king Puru.
23.Sarniha Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj.
Kuldevi – Durga.
They belongs to Sarangarh and hence called as Sarniha Kshatriya.
Branch – Karmwar/Karamwar.
Drahyavanshi Kshatriya: This vansha begins from Raja Drahayu, the thirt brother of Raja Yadu. Tripura was their capital. This vansha is from Bengal.
24.Choukatkhamb Kshatriya:
This vansha found its name (Choukatkhamb) as the used to break apart the pillars (Khamb) of the Rath of enemy to defeat them.
Branch – Bachhil.
Note: Gargvanshi, Bachhil, Jadeja, Bundela, Jaiwar, Katiaar etc are also comes in Chandravansha.
Agnivansha
1.Parmar Kshatriya:
Pramar, Parmar, Pambubar.
Gothra – Vashishtha.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Sinchimaay Mata, Durga in North India, Kali in Ujjain.
Their ancient capital was Chandrawati, situated 4 miles away from Abu station. This vansha evolves out from the Agni Kunda of Yagya on the Abu mountain.”Parajan Marithi Parmar” means “Vansha which defeats the enemy” hence it is called Parmar. Great Brave king Vikramaditya, Raja Bhoj, Shalinivahan, Gandharwasen were from this vansha.
States – Malwa, Dharanagari, Dhar, Devas, Narsinghgarh, Ujjain. Samrat Vikramaditya was also recognised as a great ruler by the muslim community. According to the book Shayar ul Okul at Makab e Sultania, His glory was written on a golden plate kept at Kaba. It is also mentioned in Shayar ul Okul that Khushnuba dhoop was the giving of Vikramaditya. The entire world knows that Shivling and Kutubminar were build in Kaba by Vikramaditya.
Parmar Kshatriya has 35 branches which includes Pawar, Baharia, Ujjainia, Bholpuria, Sounthia, Chawda, Sumda, Sankla, Doda, Sodha, Bharsuria, Yashoverma, Jaivarma, Arjunvarma etc.
King Umravsingh, Jaiprakashsingh, Babusahabjadasingh were belongs to Ujjaini Kshatriya. The great Kunwarsingh Mahaveer was the son of Babusahabjadasingh.
2.Solanki Kshatriya:
Gothra – Bhardwaj, Manavya, Parashar.
Ved – Yajurved.
Kuldevi – Kali.
In South India they are also known as Chalukya or Choulukya. Kings Prithvidev, Madansingh was from this vansha. Madanakul was build by King Madansingh. King Chandradeep Narayan singh also from this vansha who build an ashram for Mahatma Gandhi on his own land. This ashram is known as Hajipur congress ashram.
States – Ayodhya, Kalyan, Andhra, Paatan, Gangatat. Solanki Kshatriya has 16 branches which includes Baghela, Baghel, Solanke, Kataria, Sikharia, Sarakia, Bharsuria, Tantia etc.
This vansha is existed from 1079.
3.Parihar Kshatriya:
Gothra – Kashyap.
Kuldevi – Chamunda.
Isht – Lord Vishnu. The first king from this vansha was Nagbhatta.
The great king Harishchandra was also from this vansha. He has two wifes, one was a Brahmin and the other was Kshatriya.
States – Kathiwarh, Ayodhya, Kurukshetra to Banaras, Bundelkhand, upto Himachal.
This vansha has 19 branches which includes Surawat, Chandrawat, Gajkeshar, Badkeshar, Chandrayan, Kalhansa etc. The state of Kalhansa Kshatriya was at Basti (U.P.). Many kings were born in this vansha. Chopra Kshatriya vansha is also one of its sub-branch. This vansha is existed from 894.
4.Chouhan Kshatriya:
Gothra – Vatsa.
Ved – Samved.
Kuldevi – Ashipuri.
Guru – Vashishtha.
Isht – Mahadev.
Devta – Shrikrishna.
Samrat Prithviraj Chouhan, Lakha (1451) were from this vansha.
States – Bundi, Kota, Sirohi, Asthir. Delhi, Ajmer, Bhadoch, Dholpur was also come under their regime. They build beautiful lakes. Samrat Prithviraj Chouhan defeated Mohammad Ghori several times and forgive him later 16 times. The coward Mohammad Ghori deceitfully arrested Prithviraj Chouhan and take out both his eyes. Like Arjun, Prithviraj Chouhan was very fluent in his verbal approach. There are many other kings also belongs to this vansha.
Chouhan Kshatriya Vansha has 25 branches, sub-branches includes Hada, Khinchi, Bhadoria, Songar, Songara, Devra, Rajkumar, Sambharia, Gadharia, Bhurecha, Balecha, Tassera, Chachera, Bhawar, Bankat, Bhople etc. Chouhan vansha existed from 1067.
5.Hada Kshatriya:
Gothra – Vatsa.
Devi – Ashapuri.
Guru – Vashishtha.
Ved – Samved.
King Maniklal was from Hada vansha. One of the famous personality from this vansha is Ramdeva. Hada Kshatriya Vansha is also popularly known as Hadouti.
States – Bundi, Kota. There is a history of Brave Hada Rani.
King Kirtipal, Samarsingh, Udaysingh, Samantsingh, Kanhdev, Maldev belongs to this vansha. The fort of Jalor was captured by this vansha. The mother of Maharana Pratap was from this vansha.
Branch – Bhadoria. Songira Kshatriya is a branch of Chouhan Kshatriya.
7.Baghel Kshatriya:
Baghela/Baaghela.
Gothra – Bhardwaj, Kashyap.
Ved – Yajurved.
Devi – Kali. This vansha derive its name from their ancistor Vyaghradev. Many brave perfonalities were born in this vansha.
State – Madarv, Pandu, Pothapur, Nayagarh, Ranpura etc. This is a branch of Solanki. Branch of Baghel Kshatriya is Pawar.
8.Bhadoria Kshatriya:
Gothra etc. are the same as that of Chouhan Kshatriya. They ruled on Bhadawar and hence named as Bhadoria. This is a branch of Songara.
9.Bachgoti Chouhan Kshatriya:
They derived mis-spelled name from Vatsa Gotri and called themselves as Bachgoti Kshatriya. Rajkumar and Rajwar are their branches.
10.Khinchi Kshatriya:
Gothra – Vatsa and Goutam is also found.
Ved – Samved.
Devi – Bhagwati.
Kings Bhagwatrai, Gugalsingh and Jaisingh were from this vansha. Khinchipur was their state. Raja Bhagwatrai has translated 7 stories of Ramayana into poems very beautifully. He has also written Hanuman Pachhisi.
This is a branch of Chouhan Kshatriya.
11.Dogra Kshatriya:
They are the natives of Kashmir.
Gothra – Kashyap.
States – Jammu, Balia.
Negi Kshatriya, Katnaas etc. are also Agnivanshi Kshatriya.
KULDEVI
They are also called as family goddess. It is told that some 64 Charan kanya became Sati, in process of saving that kul (nukh). We have 12/13 kuldevis for our various surnames (kul).
Here are surnames with there kuldevis:
1. Parmar(Rana-vadvala),Bhundia,Solanki,Wadhia(wanza)=Chamunda maa
Most of the discoveries relating to ancient India made remain unknown.
It is an accepted fact that civilizations flourished on the banks of Rivers, be it in India, or Sumeria, Minoa or Africa.
In India wee seem to be hearing only bout the civilizations that flourished long the banks of Ganges, Sind and Saraswathy.
Not much is known or even attempted about the other four River basins of India.
Seven Rivers are mentioned in Hindu Texts.
Ganges,
Yamuna,
Godavari,
Sarasvathi,
Narmada,
Sindu, and
Cauvery.
Of these seven, exhaustive research is being done around Ganges,Sarasvathi and Sind.
On Yamuna the research seems to have been restricted to sites relation to Mahabharata and Krishna.
On the Narmada area only Dwaraka seems to have been concentrated upon.
My research shows we have equally ancient finds around the other river basins..
Time that we concentrate on these area as well.
In addition to this, we have references to other ancient rivers like Vigai, near Madurai, Tamil Nadu,Tamraparani, near deep down south Tirunelveli nd there are are references to to other rivers like Pahruli.
The last one belonged to Tamil Sangam Age which flowed and joined the sea near Madagascar.
I had written on the fact that Vaiwaswatha Manu, ancestor of Lord Rama meditated near Madagascar!
No to the site of Harappa named 4 MSR.
Two thousand sites unearthed relating to Harappa reveal that the Hindu culture extended for Two Million Square Millions, which included the present Pakistan and Iran.
Archaeological Report.
Ancient sites of Indian Civilization, Harappa.
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“The purpose of the present excavation at 4MSR is to learn about the Early Harappan deposits, 4MSR’s relationship with other contemporary sites and to fill the gap between the Late Harappan phase and the painted grey ware [PGW] culture. We should know about the early farming phase [that existed in the pre-Harappan period]. It is also important to know the continuity of the sequence from the Late Harappan phase to the PGW culture. That is why we have taken up explorations and excavations in this entire area.”
At its height, the Harappan civilisation flourished over 2.5 million sq. km in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. About 2,000 sites have been found, from Sutkagendor in the Makran coast of Balochistan to Alamgirhpur in the east in Uttar Pradesh and from Manda in Jammu to Daimabad in Maharashtra.
The Harappan civilisation is divided into three phases: Early (3000 BCE-2600 BCE), Mature (2600 BCE -1900 BCE) and Late (1900 BCE-1500 BCE). The PGW culture came later and is datable to circa 1200 BCE and belongs to the early historical period.
After Partition, big Harappan sites such as Mohenjo-daro, Harappa and Ganweriwala fell on the Pakistani side. Between 1972 and 1974, M.R. Mughal, former Director General of Archaeology and Museums, Pakistan, explored Bahawalpur in the Cholistan region of Punjab, situated on the border with Rajasthan. Mughal found a lot of pottery on the surface there and named it Hakra ware after the Hakra river which flows there and which is called Ghaggar in India. Originating in the Himalayas, the Ghaggar flows through Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Gujarat before joining the Arabian Sea near the Rann of Kutch.
If the cornucopia of artefacts thrown up from the current excavation is any indication, 4MSR has all the characteristics of having been an Early Harappan and Mature Harappan site like Kalibangan situated 120 km away. There are no indications that a Late Harappan phase existed. “A special feature of 4MSR is the discovery of a perforated jar, a perforated bowl with a hole at the bottom and a perforated pot, confirming its status as a Mature Harappan site,” asserted Pandey. What fascinated him was the discovery of pots with handles. “In a nutshell, our excavations have yielded pre-Harappan Hakra ware, Early Harappan pottery and Mature Harappan ceramics,” he said.
What stands out in the excavation is the bonanza of Early Harappan pottery with beautifully painted figures of peacocks, a lion, birds, pipal leaves and fish-net designs. Another discovery, a beautiful pot with a pencil mouth, could have been used to keep precious liquids or perfume.
Other important artefacts obtained from the site are beads made of carnelian, lapis lazuli, steatite, agate and terracotta; copper, shell and terracotta bangles; copper rings and fish hooks; terracotta spindles and whorls; weights made out chert stone; terracotta sling balls, toy-cart frames, figurines of humped bulls, and arrowheads. Two horns of nilgai were found in a trench. Of particular interest is a potsherd with the impression of a fabric. Besides the seal, a sealing (impression of a seal) was found. The centrepiece of the discoveries is a fragment of a gold ornament for the ear. It is rare to find gold ornaments in Harappan sites although tubular gold beads have been found in Khirsara and Lothal, both Harappan sites in Gujarat.
One trench yielded a skeleton, perhaps that of a female, about 40 years old. The ASI team is in the process of identifying the presence of grave goods in the trench to determine the period to which it belongs.
What has come as a bonus is the discovery of a fire altar, with a yasti (a shaft) in the middle. “The yasti is an indication that rituals were performed at the altar,” said Manjul. The yasti here is an octagonal, burnt brick. Although bones were found in the upper level of the deposits in this trench, it could not be ascertained whether they were sacrificial bones. The ASI team traced mud and ash layers at the lower level in the trench and also found a bead inside the fire altar. Pandey said fire altars had been found in Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi, and the yastis were octagonal or cylindrical bricks. There were “signatures” indicating that worship of some kind had taken place at the fire altar here.
Rakhigarhi Rediscovered.
According to Manjul, an important reason why so many Harappan settlements came up in the then Saraswati valley was its fertile alluvial plains. Besides, raw materials such as chert, clay and copper were available in the nearby areas.
It was puzzling, Manjul said, that while a lot of pottery belonging to the Mature Harappan period was found at Kalibangan, Baror, Binjor and 4MSR, no pottery belonging to the Late Harappan phase had been found in these and other nearby sites. “The Harappans deserted 4MSR, Binjor and Baror after the Mature Harappan phase. Why?” he asked. Another puzzle was that only the Late Harappan culture existed in the Suratgarh region in Rajasthan. “There is no continuity of the Harappan phases in the Ghaggar river valley. Did a migration take place towards Suratgarh after the Mature Harappan period? We have to find out the reasons why it happened,” Manjul said. (Baror, Binjor and 4MSR are contiguous sites. While Baror is about 20 km from Binjor and 4MSR, Kalibangan is 120 km from 4MSR. Kalibangan is 25 km from Suratgarh).,
I have been receiving quite a few mails as to which procedure to follow in the case of Brahmin Rituals.
And which Veda is the Authority on these issues?
Gotra, Lineage Hinduism
The answer is Vedas do not speak of these codes.
Vedas are the Fundamental truths expressed by the Seers as they grasped them intuitively..
Vedas have two aspects.
Gnana Kanda, which talks about The Knowledge of Reality .and the ways of attaining the Reality.
Karma Kanda deals with the duties relating to various stages of life, that of,
Brahmacharya,The Celibate,
Gruhstha, The married,
Vanaprastha, Retired and meditating Life and
Sanyasa, relinquishing of everything mundane.
These stages are called Asramas, Stages of Life……
All in pursuit of Reality,Brahman
But Varna, which is incorrectly translated as Caste, is based on Dispositions.
They are four.
Brahmana,
Kshatriya,
Vaisya and
Sudra.
Smritis, which came later to Vedas codified the Karma Kanda in conjunction with the Gnana Kanda.
Relevant portions of the Vedic Duties which would suit the individual’s disposition and also a group with the same disposition were organised and presented as Smritis.
There are quite a few number of Smritis to be followed .
Though all the Smritis state from the Vedas, and each one of them is an authority for all the Varnas, it is traditional for some groups to follow a specific Smriti.
Kashtriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras are to follow Manu Smriti.
Though Brahmins are expected to follow Manu Smriti, it is traditional to follow eleven Smritis, including Manu Smriti.
However in case of a conflict between Manu Smriti and the other Ten Smritis, it is traditional to follow any one of them overlooking the Manu Smriti.
The reason is that Manu Smriti addresses mostly the issues of the duties of king and other Varnas,though Brahminical Duties are also detailed.,it does not deal exhaustively with the procedures of Karmas as in the other Smritis.
The Eleven Smritis Brahmins are expected to Follow are,
Apasthambha: Apasthambha, a native of Andhra Country, belonged to Krishnayajurveda School. He belonged to fifth century BC. Apasthambha’s teachings are called Apasthambhasutra orApasthambhasmriti.
( * Apasthamba came from the Lineage of Viswamitra and codified the Smriti by taking some practices from Tamil Culture and incorporated in his Smriti, Like Thalli or Mangal Sutra which is not found in the Vedas and Thaali is a Unique concept of the Tamils) Baudhayana: Baudhayana also belonged to Krishnayajurveda School and was an inhabitant of Andhra Country. Baudhayana’s teachings are called Baudhayanasutra or Baudhayanasmriti. Brihaspati: Brihaspati was probably the first jurist to make a clear distinction between civil and criminal justice. Yajnavalkya referred to Brihaspati. However, Brihaspati is considered to belong to 200-400 AD. Brihaspatismriti has a lot of similarities with Dhammathats of Myanmar (Burma). Gautama: Gautama was the most ancient sage of all Brahmin lawgivers. He was quoted by Baudhayana and belonged to Samaveda School. Gautama’s teachings are called Gautamasutra orGautamasmriti. Harita: Baudhayana and Vasishta in their Dharmasutras quote Harita. Haritasmriti or Haritasutra is an extensive work. Katyayana: Yajnavalkya mentions Katyayana. Katyayanasmriti is quoted in several works of Viswarupa, Mitramisra etc. Smriti Chandrika cites 600 verses of Katyayanasutras. He may belong to the same period as Narada and Brihaspati. Manu: Manu is a mythical personality and is the ancestor of the entire humankind. Manu received the code from Brahma, and communicated it to ten sages and requested Bhrigu rishi to repeat it to the other nine. This code of conduct recited by Bhrigu is called Manusmriti. For convenience, the British took Manusmriti as the paramount law of the Indian Continent.Manudharma is not only revered by Brahmins and Hindus, but also by Buddhists in Java, Siam and Myanamar. Manusmriti was composed around 200 BC, around which time a revival of Brahminism took place under the rule Sungas in the North India. Narada: Sage Narada was probably a native of Nepal around first century AD. Naradasmriti is the first legal code unhampered by the mass of religious and moral teachings. Some authors think that Narada belonged to Gupta period when there was a distinct revival of Brahminism and Sanskrit literature. Vasishta: Vasishta belonged to 3rd century BC and a native of North India. Vasishta’s teachings are called Vasishtasutra or Vasishtasmriti. Vishnu: Vishnu belonged to 1st or 2nd century AD. Vishnu’s teachings are called Vishnusutra or Vishnusmriti. Yajnavalkya: Yajnavalkya belonged to Suklayajurveda School. He was a native of Mithila City in North Bihar and probably lived anywhere from few centuries before Christ to 200 AD. However, some scholars think he belonged to first or second century AD. Yajnavalkya Dharmasmriti has been subject of numerous commentaries. The most celebrated of all the commentaries ofYajnavlkyasmriti is Mitakshara and is practically the beginning of the Brahmin law and the so-called Hindu law. Passages from Mitakshara have been found practically in every part of the Indian Continent and became an authority. The Yajnavlkyasmriti is concise, more systematic and better arranged than the Manusmriti. From early times, commentators like Viswarupa, Vijnaneswara, Apararka, Sulapani, Mitramisra etc., from every part of India selected the Yajnavalkyasmriti as the basis of their commentaries. Passages from Yajnavalkyasmiriti appeared in Panchatantra. ‘
Even among these ten, one has to follow what one’s family has been following as our ancestors had taken into account the Brnch of the Vedas, Pravaras into consideration and followed a specific Smriti.”
Gotras are after the Saptha Rishis, The Seven Seers.
The spread of Santana Dharma, Hinduism is mind boggling.
From Australia to The Arctic it covered the whole world.
I have written extensively about the presence of Sanatana Dharma in,
Mongolia Map
SriLanka,
Malaysia,
Indonesia,
Japan,
Korea,
Vietnam,
Cambodia,
Thailand,
Philippines,
New Zealand,
Australia,
Myanmar,
China,
Iran,
Arabian Peninsula,
Iraq,
Syria,
Lebanon,
Egypt,
Bulgaria,
Romania,
Czechoslovakia,
Italy,
Greece,
Poland ,
Germany,
Spain,
Britain,
Ireland,
Peru,
Brazil,
Scandinavian Countries,
Central America and
North America.
Not to forget Russia.
Please Google the country name + Hinduism+ramanan50 or Santna Dharma + country name+ramanan50 to read the relevant articles.
Russia has been the fountainhead of Sanatana Dharma.
It was called Stree Varsha, women’s Kingdom.
Lake Baikal is the Vaikanasa Theertha.
Indars’a Amaravathi was in Russia.
Yajnyavalkya stayed there.
Caspian sea was called Kshyap Sagar.
Krishna’s son Pradhyumna built a city at Port Baijn.
Arkaim in Russia was built as per Rig Vedic Mandala design.
The Rig Veda was composed in the Arctic.
Siberians worship Ayur Devatas as Family Deity even today.
It was, therefore, natural for me to look into the history of Mongolian Sanatana Dharma connection.
1. Kazakhstan which borders Mongolia is referred to in Indian Texts.
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The Kambojas were famous in ancient times for their excellent breed of horses and as remarkable horsemen located in the Uttarapatha or north-west.They were constituted into military sanghas and corporations to manage their political and military affairs. The Kamboja cavalry offered their military services to other nations as well. There are numerous references to Kamboja having been requisitioned as cavalry troopers in ancient wars by outside nations.
It was on account of their supreme position in horse (Ashva) culture that the ancient Kambojas were also popularly known as Ashvakas, i.e. horsemen. Their clans in the Kunarand Swat valleys have been referred to as Assakenoi and Aspasioi in classical writings, and Ashvakayanas and Ashvayanas in Pāṇini’s Ashtadhyayi.
2.Mongolia’s early History states that they were followers of Shamanism and later Buddhism.
‘Mongolian shamanism has been widely practised throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, with similar beliefs being common among the nomads of central Asia. They gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and it continues to be practiced. The Kazakhs residing in western Mongolia, some Mongols and other Turkic peoples in the country traditionally adhere to Islam.,
Now Hinduism preceded Buddhism and many practices of Hinduism is found in Buddhism.
The jump from Shamanism to Buddhism with out Hinduism is hard to imagine for the Buddha refers to Hindu thoughts and processes.
3.India Central Asia Connection
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There are extensive references to people of Central Asia in Indian literature like Atharvaveda, Vamsa Brahmana of Samveda, Aitareya Brahmana, Satapatha Brahmana, Puranas, Manusmiriti, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Raghuvamsa, Brihat-Katha -Manjari, Katha-Saritsagara, Rajaratrangini, Mudra-rakshasa, Kavymimansa and host of other old Sanskrit literature. A brief outline is given below:
Atharvaveda
Atharvaveda refers to Gandhari, Mujavat and Bahlika from the north-west (Central Asia). Gandharis are Gandharas, the Bahlikas are Bactrians, Mujavat (land of Soma) refer to Hindukush–Pamirs (the Kamboja region).
The post-Vedic Atharvaveda-Parisista (Ed Bolling & Negelein) makes first direct reference to the Kambojas (verse 57.2.5). It also juxtaposes the Kambojas, Bahlikas and Gandharas.
Sama Veda
The Vamsa Brahmana of the Sama Veda refers to Madrakara Shaungayani as the teacher of Aupamanyava Kamboja. Sage Shangayani Madrakara, as his name itself shows, and as the scholars have rightly pointed out, belonged to the Madra people.
Prof Jean Przylusky has shown that Bahlika (Balkh) was an Iranian settlement of the Madras who were known as Bahlika-Uttaramadras i.e. the northern Madras, living in Bahlika or Bactria country. These Bahlika Uttara Madras are the Uttara Madras of the Aitareya Brahamana.
This connection between the Uttara Madras and the Kambojas is said to be natural because they were close neighbours in the north-west.
Manusmriti[
Manusmriti asserts that the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas, Paradas, Pahlavas, etc., had been Kshatriyas of good birth but were gradually degraded to the barbaric status due to their not following the Brahmanas and the Brahmanical code of conduct.[10][original research?]
This statement of Manu is designed to accommodate these foreign hordes into the social set-up of the Hindus. The foreigners were expected to practice same normal pieties as the Hindus and the later, in return, regarded them henceforth as belonging to their own social organisation.
Puranas
The Haihaya Yadavas are the first known invaders in the recorded history of the sub-continent. Described in the Puranas as allying with four other groups, the invaders were eventually assimilated into the local community as Kshatriyas. Alberuni refers to this description, saying that the “five hordes” belonged to his own people, i.e. Central Asia.
The Puranic Bhuvanakosha attests that Bahlika or Bactria was the northern-most Puranic Janapada of ancient India and was located in Udichya or Uttarapatha division of Indian sub-continent. The Uttarapatha or northern division of Jambudvipa comprised an area of Central Asia from the Urals and the Caspian Sea to the Yenisei and from Turkistanand Tien Shan ranges to the Arctic (Dr S. M. Ali).
4.’In Dariganga sum, Mongolia, there’s a lake which is called Ganga. Local legend says it was created by a man who sprinkled Ganga Jal there
• A lot of Mongolian folk songs have reference to Ganga. Even in Mongolian books we find ref of Ganga as the sacred river in Himalyas.
• Mongolia was a communist country for a very long time (called the Mongolian People’s Republic). In ’90 with India’s help Buddhism was revived through monk Koshuk Bakula
• Mongolian’s still prefer to have their names in Sanskrit.
Mehar Gul who was he ? Mehar Gul ( in sanskrit -Mihirakula ) was a shiva worshipping Mongolian /Hun king from the lower steppes of Mongolia who invaded the North Indian subcontinent about 5-6 centuries C.E He was a devout shaivite and attempted to cleanse the North Indian subcontinent of pseudo -buddhism .He destroyed many pseudo Buddhist centres and restored vedic and shaiva rule to many places before he was defeated and his name was slandered by Charvakas and ajivikas ( ancient atheists )
• The last name or title “Khan” is not Islamic or Arabic or Persian or Pathan.It is mongolian in origin Khan-comes from Khagan -The mongolian term for “Singh” or “Sardar” ( warrior / chief )
• The persian/ arab/muslim sycophants and converts ( mostly slaves and servants ) who after centuries wanted to cling on to the legacy of the great mongolian conquerors ( like Chengis Khan) chose to tag themselves with the last name just to bring fear and get respect amongst the local populations that they lived amongst and so their “name” stuck on.
Legend also goes that Chengez khan was a shiva devotee ( he practiced a form of Tantric practice) and never attacked India in his various expeditions. The Mughal empire itself is said to have its origins here , they later became Persianised . The term “Mughal” comes from a mispronunciation of the word “Mongol,””
5.Mongolian Flag.
Mongolian Flag
‘Mongolian flag is actually the pictorial depiction of a vedic fire pit–a havan kund with the Yin and Yang symbol ( of shiva and shakti ) at its centre with the Sun (Rudra) and Half moon ( Devi) rising above it.The symbol was the flag of the Bogde Khaganate empire of Mongolia which in turn was inspired by the battle standard of Mehar Gul’
6. Chenghis Khan’s Grandson, Kublai Khan consecrated a Shiva temple , one can find Tamil Inscription there..
Tami is ancient language of India and is spoken by about six crore Indians even today.
‘
Bilingual (Tamil & Chinese) inscription in China dated Saka era 1203 (1281 CE) Mentions the erection of deity Thirukkaniccuramudaiyar by one Sambandapperumal for the well being of Chinese emperor Cekacaikan Parman
The Story.
This Tamil Language inscription was found in China.
It was found about 500 miles north of Canton, in a place called Chuan Chou. This is a port city. It was an important port city in the ancient times also.
‘Normally, the Tamils used to sail to Ta Kua Pa in the west coast of Thailand.
They would then take an overland journey across the Isthmus of Kra to other ports like Nakon SiTammarat or Songkla. These ports were on the east coast of Thailand. From there they would sail on to one of the ports of present day Vietnam. Then they would sail northwards to Canton.
A straight sail would be a longer distance which would take them across the Bay of Bengal, Straits of Malacca, Gulf of Siam, and South China Sea. They would have to sail around the Malay Peninsula. This would have increased their journey by more than a thousand miles and would have taken up several more months.
Apart from Canton, the Tamils had gone to other places also and
established their own colonies. The merchant guilds like ‘Thisai Aayiraththu AinnuuRRuvar’ was very active around this part of the world.
In Chuan Chou, there was a Sivan Temple. In that temple, an image of Siva was consecrated under the ‘Firman’ – royal orders of ‘Sekasai Khan’.
This was done for the health of ‘Sekasai Khan’.
‘Sekasai Khan’ in this inscription is the name of Kublai Khan himself.
His full name was Kublai Sekcen Khan.
Sekcen Khan became Sekasai Khan in Tamil.
The Sivan Temple was known as ThiruKathaleesvaram and the Lord of the temple was known as ThiruKathaleesvaram udaiya Naayanaar.
The person who executed the order was Thava ChakkaravarththikaL Sampandha PerumaL.
It was done on the Chithra Paurnami day of Saka Era 1203 – 1281 AD.
It is spread that Vedas are the private domain of the Brahmins and the Vedas are not to be shared with the other communities.
Vedas
And Brahmins created(?) the Vedas to control the social groups.
Even among Brahmins there are many who think that the Vedas are not to be shared with the other communities.
Wrong.
Veda comes from the word ‘Vid’ meaning to Know or Knowledge..
It is not the preserve of one community.
That the Vedas were made by Brahmins is equally wrong..
Many of the great Rishis and those who contributed Veda Sukthas were not Brahmins.
Some of them are.
‘Maharshi Veda Vyasa: He was the son of a fisher-woman named Satyavati, from Rishi Parashara. Considered the greatest Rishi of classical Hinduism, he is believed to have give the 4 Vedas ( = the most authoritative scriptures of Hindus) their present form. He also compiled the Mahabharata and the Puranas, which are the mainstay of popular Hinduism. He also authored the Brahmasutras- a text considered as one of the triple canon of Vedantic Hinduism (the other two being the Gita and the Upanishads). His birthday is celebrated as Guru-Poornima by Hindu monks every year. All Hindu monastic orders trace their lineage from him and a popular saying goes: vyasocchishtam jagatsarvam meaning that so great was the learning Rishi Veda Vyasa, that even his voluminous writings represent only the periphery of his knowledge.
Maharshi Aitreya Mahidasa: According to tradition, his mother was a maid named Itara. This Rishi is credited with the compilation of the Aitreya Brahmana and sections 1-3 of the Aitreya Aranyaka (the latter contains the Aitreya Upanishad- one of the 10 canonical Upanishads for Hindus) belonging to the Rigveda.
Rishika Lopamudra: She was a Kshatriya princess from Vidarbha, who married Maharshi Agastya. She is the Seer of some verses of the Rigveda. Several edifying dialogs between her and Sage Agastya are recorded in the Puranas.
Maharshi Vishwamitra: He was originally a Kshatriya named Vishwaratha. He is credited with revealing the Gayatri Mantra, the Hindu prayer par-excellence.
Maharshi Matanga: He was the son of a Shudra mother and a Vaishya father. In fact, Chandalas are often addressed as Matanga in passages like Varaha Purana 1.139.91
Maharshi Valmiki: He was descendant from Sages but had become a chandala (= an outcaste) named Ratnakara, because he took to murder and highway robbery. He was reformed by Prajapati Brahma and was inspired by the divine Sage Narada to compose the Hindu epic par excellence- the Ramayana.
. Rishika SulabhA Maitreyi: She was a Kshatriya lady who promulgated the Saulabha Shakha of the Rigveda. She is counted among the revered teachers of Rigveda to whom respects are offered in texts like the Kausitaki Brahmana. The Saulabha Brahmana is now lost but is mentioned in the Kashika- a commentary on the grammatical text named Ashtadhyayi. A dialog of Rishika SulabhA with King Janaka of Videha on spirituality is recorded in the Shanti Parvan (12th book) of the Mahabharata.
Mahatma Vidura: He was the son of Maharshi Veda Vyasa and a maid of King Dhritrashtra (the father of Kauravas in the Mahabharata). He is a wise man in the Mahabharata and counseled many towards truth. His teachings are collected in the Viduraprajagar section of the Udyog Parvan (5th book) of Mahabharata,
A Brahmin is one who performs the duties of of A Brahmin and an embodiment of good character and who prays for the welfare of the others
.For the definition of Brahmin please read my article .
So the knowledge of the Vedas , Puranas were not denied to other communities like the Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and Sudras.
What do the Vedas say on the sharing of the Vedic knowledge to other communities?
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this is further corroborated in the Atharva Veda (5.17.10): AThe sages, mortals, and the kings, the lovers of truth, have verily given the knowledge of the Vedas to others.@
Thus, it becomes the duty and responsibility of those who know the Vedic wisdom to supply it and teach it to others because it can become like a mighty and uplifting force in the way it affects society. And for those who do not know it but still have faith in it, it becomes their highest good to make arrangements by which others can become learned in this knowledge, as confirmed in the Atharva Veda: APreached freely, it acts as a powerful force. Held in high esteem it acts as a benefactor of humanity like a leader. It acts as a thunderbolt completely annihilating the usages and practices of a sinner. It acts as a conquest-loving hero throwing light on all topics.@ (Atharva 12.5.18-19)
Therefore, it is wrong to think that the Vedic knowledge is only meant for a small section of society, while these verses proclaim that everyone can benefit from it. This is especially the duty of a learned Brahmana: AEven if ten former guardians, none of whom is a Brahmana, espouse the cause of Vedic knowledge, they are no match for a Brahmana who takes into his hand the task of propagating her [the Vedic knowledge]. He alone is her true guardian.@ (Atharva 5.17.8) Thus, the Brahmanas, gurus and acharyas, if they are true to the Vedic cause, cannot keep the Vedic knowledge to themselves, but must go out of their way to make it available for the benefits of humanity. Otherwise, it is the lack of Vedic spiritual knowledge that corrupts society and misleads people onto the wrong path of ignorance. And those who know the Vedic sciences and withhold it from society become responsible for the godless nature that civilization exhibits, as confirmed as follows:
AIn ancient times the sages who practiced penance through the seven vital forces, verily thus declared about this divine Vedic knowledge, >Dreadful is the result of neglecting divine knowledge, which causes confusion and calamity, where its teachings are violated.= When infants die, [or are] untimely born, when herds of cattle waste away [from drought or death by other causes], when heroes strike each other dead [as in useless wars], the neglect of Vedic knowledge destroyeth them.@ (Atharva 5.17.6-7)
AIgnorance that overtakes a village is spoken of as a star with contradictory light. Lack of Vedic knowledge disturbs the kingdom where fall a lot of [inauspicious] meteors and shooting stars.@ (Atharva 5.17.4)
Herein it should become obvious to all that society needs the higher wisdom of the Vedic spiritual knowledge to keep itself on the right path to attain the proper qualifications, insight, cooperation, humility, strength, and the means to work in harmony with each other and nature. Without that, life becomes increasingly complex, and a struggle for existence. Without that, society becomes lost, as well as do those who do not promote it, as also explained in the Vedas:
AThey perish who do not preach the Vedas. He who hoards the Vedic knowledge loses renown. Their houses are burnt who withhold the Vedic knowledge. He suffers utter destruction who preaches the Vedic knowledge without the support of Nirukta [word meanings] and Grammar.@ (Atharva 12.4.3)
AIf a violent [or selfish] man or woman disregards the wealthy store of knowledge of this Vedic speech, he or she gets the stain of inseparable infamy, due to that sin… The God-created Vedic knowledge belongs to those who come to ask for it. The learned call it an outrage on Vedic scholars when one retains Vedic knowledge as his own precious heritage.@(Atharva 12.4.9, 11)
In this way, it actually becomes dangerous not to help or assist in the spread of Vedic knowledge, or to think that it belongs to only one class of man only, as is typically thought in India. It is like ahimsa or non-violence, when a person knows he can help someone in reducing the other person=s suffering but refuses to do so, then he is actually practicing violence, and that will come back to haunt him in the end and create future sufferings of his own. Similarly, AIt [Vedic knowledge] wounds like an arrow him who obstructs its free spread. It brings calamity on him who reviles and abuses it. It is fearfully venomous when it is down-trodden by its foe. It brings death-like darkness on him who has degraded and dishonored it. Pursuing him, Vedic knowledge extinguishes the vital breath of its injurer.@ (Atharva 12.5.25-27)
AIt weakens physically him who torments its preachers. It destroys the wealth of him who snatches it away from the learned. It brings misery when it is suppressed, and ill repute when it is shown disrespect. . . It is sinful to try to spoil it. Its destruction is distressing like an evil dream. . . It brings loss of power to its opponent who forcibly retards its progress, and humiliation when its spread has been retarded. . . It brings poverty when it is being outraged. . . Vedic knowledge, when desecrated, cuts off the injurer of the learned from this world and the next.@ (Atharva 12.5.29, 32, 35, 37, 38)
AIf in his house alone one preserves the Vedic knowledge received from an acharya or acquired otherwise, but imparts it not to others, such a dishonest person, doing wrong to the learned and the Brahmacharis [those worthy of receiving the Vedic wisdom], departs from this world in a miserable plight.@ (Atharva 12.4.53)..
This is evidence merely from the Vedas, while much more could be found that supports this by investigating the Vedic texts that follow, such as the Upanishads, Bhagavad-gita and Puranas. For example, the Bhavishya Purana explains what portions of the Vedic literature were especially made and meant for everyone in society:
“O distinguished member of the Kuru dynasty, the narration of the transcendental characteristics of Lord Ramachandra, who appeared in the Raghu dynasty, is very glorious within the eighteen Puranas, and it has been presented with the aim of awarding the three objectives of life to all classes of human beings.
“O hero, the great epic, Mahabharata, which embodies all of the Vedic purports and instruction of all kinds of religious scriptures, was composed by the supremely intelligent son of Parashara, Vyasadeva.
“The compassionate Vyasadeva had compiled the Mahabharata-samhita, which is like an excellent boat for delivering the members of all the four varnas [classes of men] who are drowning in the ocean of material existence, after conceptualizing the eighteen Puranas and eight grammatical works.
“O King, simply by hearing this transcendental literature, human beings can be liberated from the reactions to even grave sinful activities, including killing a Brahmana. . .” (Bhavishya Purana, Brahma Parva, 1.55-59)
“. . . Then there are [the] eighteen principal Puranas. These include the Brahma, Padma, Vishnu, Shiva, Bhagavata, Narada, Markandeya, Agni, Bhavishya, Brahma-Vaivarta, Linga, Varaha, Skanda, Kurma, Matsya, Garuda, and Brahmanda.
“O lion-like king of the Kuru dynasty, this literature was compiled by greatly learned scholars for the eternal benefit of all classes of human beings. O foremost of kings, all these religious scriptures are meant to be heard by the members of all the four varnas [classes of society].” (Bhavishya Purana, Brahma Parva, 1.61-66),
However one has to have the following qualification.
1.Faith in the Vedas.
2,Be prepared to spend minimum eight years form the age of Eight to study the Vedas in the Home of the preceptor.(Guru).
3.Should partake food offered. at the guru’s home.
4. Rigorous discipline like performing Sandhya Vandana has to be followed..
5.Basic needs alone are to be met.
6.Minimum six hours of learning the Vedas and additional time in learning the other branches of Knowledge like Astronomy, Archery and other day to day sciences and Arts
7.Most important is the disposition to be compassionate, Humble, desire to remain simple, regulation of sensual pleasure and a natural disposition to help others without excepting any thing in return.
How Caste is determined by Disposition and not by birth and
how and why caste is necessary and unavoidable.
There is an Upanishad that speaks on Caste and clarifies any confusion.
It is the Vajrasuchika Upanishad.
‘
The Vajrasuchi Upanishad (Sanskrit: वज्रसूची उपनिषत्, IAST: Vajrasūcī Upaniṣad) is a medieval era Sanskrit text and a minor Upanishad of Hinduism. It is classified as one of the 22 Samanya Upanishads, and identified as a Vedanta text. It is attached to the Samaveda.
The text discusses the four varnas (caste system). It is notable for being a sustained philosophical attack against the division of human beings, and for asserting that any human being can achieve the highest spiritual state of existence….
The Vajrasuchi Upanishad survives into the modern era in several versions. Manuscripts of the text were discovered and collected during the colonial times, and by early 19th-century eight copies of the manuscripts from North India and five copies from South India were known. Most versions were in Sanskrit in Devanagari script and two in Telugu language, in palm-leaf manuscript form, with some in damaged condition.There are differences in the text between these manuscripts, but the focus and central message is the same.
The date as well as the author of Vajrasuchi Upanishad is unclear. The Upanishad is attributed to Sankaracharya in the manuscripts discovered by early 1800s.Sankaracharya, also known as Adi Shankara, was an Advaita Vedanta scholar, but given the Indian tradition of dedicating and attributing texts to revered historical scholars, there is uncertainty whether texts attributed to Adi Shankara were actually composed by him or in the 8th-century he likely lived in.
After the discovery of palm-leaf manuscripts of the Vajrasuchi Upanishad manuscript, a Buddhist text attributed to 2nd-century CE Asvaghosa was published from Nepal in 1835 with the same title Vajrasuchi, which is similar in its message as the Vajrasuchi Upanishad. This added to the complications in dating and in determining the author of the text. However, the authenticity of the Buddhist text, and whether its author was Asvaghosa is considered seriously doubtful, according to many scholars,and most recently by Patrick Olivelle. Schrader states that the Vajrasuchi attributed to Asvaghosa, “though seemingly an independent work, in fact is nothing but a Buddhist commentary on or elaboration of the first part of Vajrasucyupanisad, with many quotations from Sruti and Smriti”.
This text is also sometimes titled as Vajrasucika Upanishad, Vajra suchika Upanishad, Vajrasuci Upanishad, Vajrasucy Upanishad and Vajrasucyupanishad. In the Telugu language anthology of 108 Upanishads of the Muktika canon, narrated by Rama to Hanuman, it is listed at number 36..
The text asserts, in verse 2, that there are four varnas: the Brahmin, the Kshatriya, the Vaishya and the Shudra.The Brahmin, states the text, is declared by Smriti to be chief.[But what does this mean, is this social division justified by Jiva (life, soul), Deha (body), Jati (birth), Jnana (knowledge), Karma (deeds), Dharmic (virtues or performer of rites)?
Answers.
The Jiva does not make anyone a Brahmana, states the text, because with rebirth the Jiva migrates from one body to another, this Jiva remains the same individuality while the body changes. Thus, it is not Jiva which can determine whether one is a Brahmana, asserts verse 3.
The Deha or body does not make anyone a Brahmana, according to the text,because every human being’s body is the same, constituted of the same five elements, everyone ages, everyone dies, people from all classes show various combinations of dharma (virtue) and adharma(vice) characteristics. All color complexions similarly, asserts the text, are found is all castes and those who are outcaste.Thus, states verse 4 of the Upanishad, it is not the body which can determine whether one is a Brahmana.
Does Jati or birth make a Brahmana? It is not so states the text, because sacred books tell of great Rishi (sages) born in various castes and diverse origins, such as Vyasa from a fisherman’s daughter, Kaushika from Kusa grass, Valmiki from an ant hill, Gautama from the hare’s posterior, Vasistha from a celestial nymph, Jambuka from a Jackal and Agastya from a mud-based vessel. Regardless of their birth origins, they achieved greatness.]Therefore, asserts verse 5 of the Upanishad, it is not the birth which can determine whether one is a Brahmana.
Jnana or knowledge too does not make a Brahmana, asserts the text. It is not so because among Kshtriyas and others, there are many who have seen the Highest Reality and Truth, and therefore Brahmin knowledge is not what makes the Brahmana.
Karma or deeds do not make a Brahmana, continues the text, because all living beings perform the same deeds, past and future embodiments are common, and everyone is impelled by past. Thus, asserts the text in verse 7, deeds do not make the Brahmana.
The text in verse 8 states that Dharmic action is not the essence of the Brahmana either. Many Kshatriyas give away gold, such virtuous actions and anyone performing religious rituals is not what makes a Brahmana.
Brahmana: the Vajrasuchi doctrine.
Who indeed then is Brahmana, rhetorically repeats the verse 9 of the text. Whoever he may be, answers the Upanishad, he is the one who has directly realized his Atman(innermost self, soul). He is the one who understands that his soul is without a second, is devoid of class, is devoid of actions, is devoid of faults. He knows that the Atman is truth, is knowledge, is bliss and is eternity. He is the one who knows that the same soul in him is in everyone, is in all things, pervading within and without, something that can be felt but not reasoned. He is the one who is free from malice, who fulfills his nature, is not driven by cravings for worldly objects or desire or delusions. He is the one who lives a life untouched by spite, ostentation, pride or the need to impress others,
Vajrasuchika Upanishad Text, Translation.
॥ वज्रसूचिका उपनिषत् ॥
॥ श्री गुरुभ्यो नमः हरिः ॐ ॥
यज्ञ्ज्ञानाद्यान्ति मुनयो ब्राह्मण्यं परमाद्भुतम् ।
तत्रैपद्ब्रह्मतत्त्वमहमस्मीति चिंतये ॥
ॐ आप्यायन्त्विति शान्तिः ॥
चित्सदानन्दरूपाय सर्वधीवृत्तिसाक्षिणे ।
नमो वेदान्तवेद्याय ब्रह्मणेऽनन्तरूपिणे ॥
ॐ वज्रसूचीं प्रवक्ष्यामि शास्त्रमज्ञानभेदनम् ।
दूषणं ज्ञानहीनानां भूषणं ज्ञानचक्षुषाम् ॥ १॥
ब्राह्मक्षत्रियवैष्यशूद्रा इति चत्वारो वर्णास्तेषां वर्णानां ब्राह्मण एव
प्रधान इति वेदवचनानुरूपं स्मृतिभिरप्युक्तम् ।
तत्र चोद्यमस्ति को वा ब्राह्मणो नाम किं जीवः किं देहः किं जातिः किं
ज्ञानं किं कर्म किं धार्मिक इति ॥
तत्र प्रथमो जीवो ब्राह्मण इति चेत् तन्न । अतीतानागतानेकदेहानां
जीवस्यैकरूपत्वात् एकस्यापि कर्मवशादनेकदेहसंभवात् सर्वशरीराणां
जीवस्यैकरूपत्वाच्च । तस्मात् न जीवो ब्राह्मण इति ॥
तर्हि देहो ब्राह्मण इति चेत् तन्न । आचाण्डालादिपर्यन्तानां मनुष्याणां
पञ्चभौतिकत्वेन देहस्यैकरूपत्वात्
जरामरणधर्माधर्मादिसाम्यदर्शनत् ब्राह्मणः श्वेतवर्णः क्षत्रियो
रक्तवर्णो वैश्यः पीतवर्णः शूद्रः कृष्णवर्णः इति नियमाभावात् ।
पित्रादिशरीरदहने पुत्रादीनां ब्रह्महत्यादिदोषसंभवाच्च ।
तस्मात् न देहो ब्राह्मण इति ॥
तर्हि जाति ब्राह्मण इति चेत् तन्न । तत्र
जात्यन्तरजन्तुष्वनेकजातिसंभवात् महर्षयो बहवः सन्ति ।
ऋष्यशृङ्गो मृग्याः, कौशिकः कुशात्, जाम्बूको जाम्बूकात्, वाल्मीको
वाल्मीकात्, व्यासः कैवर्तकन्यकायाम्, शशपृष्ठात् गौतमः,
वसिष्ठ उर्वश्याम्, अगस्त्यः कलशे जात इति शृतत्वात् । एतेषां
जात्या विनाप्यग्रे ज्ञानप्रतिपादिता ऋषयो बहवः सन्ति । तस्मात्
न जाति ब्राह्मण इति ॥
तर्हि ज्ञानं ब्राह्मण इति चेत् तन्न । क्षत्रियादयोऽपि
परमार्थदर्शिनोऽभिज्ञा बहवः सन्ति । तस्मात् न ज्ञानं ब्राह्मण इति ॥
तर्हि कर्म ब्राह्मण इति चेत् तन्न । सर्वेषां प्राणिनां
प्रारब्धसञ्चितागामिकर्मसाधर्म्यदर्शनात्कर्माभिप्रेरिताः सन्तो जनाः
क्रियाः कुर्वन्तीति । तस्मात् न कर्म ब्राह्मण इति ॥
तर्हि धार्मिको ब्राह्मण इति चेत् तन्न । क्षत्रियादयो हिरण्यदातारो बहवः
सन्ति । तस्मात् न धार्मिको ब्राह्मण इति ॥
तर्हि को वा ब्रह्मणो नाम । यः कश्चिदात्मानमद्वितीयं जातिगुणक्रियाहीनं
षडूर्मिषड्भावेत्यादिसर्वदोषरहितं सत्यज्ञानानन्दानन्तस्वरूपं
स्वयं निर्विकल्पमशेषकल्पाधारमशेषभूतान्तर्यामित्वेन
वर्तमानमन्तर्यहिश्चाकाशवदनुस्यूतमखण्डानन्दस्वभावमप्रमेयं
अनुभवैकवेद्यमपरोक्षतया भासमानं करतळामलकवत्साक्षादपरोक्षीकृत्य
कृतार्थतया कामरागादिदोषरहितः शमदमादिसम्पन्नो भाव मात्सर्य
तृष्णा आशा मोहादिरहितो दम्भाहङ्कारदिभिरसंस्पृष्टचेता वर्तत
एवमुक्तलक्षणो यः स एव ब्राह्मणेति शृतिस्मृतीतिहासपुराणाभ्यामभिप्रायः
अन्यथा हि ब्राह्मणत्वसिद्धिर्नास्त्येव ।
सच्चिदानान्दमात्मानमद्वितीयं ब्रह्म भावयेदित्युपनिषत् ॥
ॐ आप्यायन्त्विति शान्तिः ॥
॥ इति वज्रसूच्युपनिषत्समाप्ता ॥
॥ भारतीरमणमुख्यप्राणंतर्गत श्रीकृष्णार्पणमस्तु ॥
Translation by Madras Giridhar
giridhar at chemeng.Isc.ernet.in
This is the translation of vajrasUchi upaniShad of sAmaveda . VajrasUchi
means diamond needle . This translation is taken from the book `Thirty
Minor upanishads' translated by Narayanasvami Aiyar and is published by the
Adyar Press, Madras.
I now proceed to declare the vajrasUchi - the weapon that is the
destroyer of ignorance- which condemns the ignorant and praises the man of
divine vision.
There are four castes - the brAhmaNa, the kShatriya, the vaishya,
and the shudra . Even the smritis declare in accordance with the words of
the vedas that the brAhmaNa alone is the most important of them.
Then this needs to be examined . What is meant by the brAhmaNa ?
Is it a jIva ? Is it a body ? Is it a class ? It is j~nAna ? Is it karma
? Or is it a doer of Dharma ?
To begin with : is jIva the brAhmaNa ? No . Since the jiva is
the same in the many past and future bodies (of all persons), and since
the jIva is the same in all of the many bodies obtained through the
force of karma, there jIva is not the brAhmaNa.
Then is the body the brAhmaNa ? No . Since the body, as it is
made up of the five elements, is the same for all people down to
chaNdAla-s, etc., since old age and death, dharma and adharma are found
to be common to them all, since there is no absolute distinction that the
brAhmaNas are white-colored, the kShatriyas red, the vaishyas yellow,
and the shudras dark, and since in burning the corpse of his father,
etc., the stain of the murder of a brAhmaNa, etc., will accrue to the
son, etc., therefore the body is not the brAhmaNa.
Then is a class the brAhmaNa ? No . Since many rishis have sprung
from other castes and orders of creation - RishyashRi.nga was born of
deer; kaushika, of kusha grass; jAmbuka of a jackal; vAlmiki of
valmIka (an ant-hill); vyAsa of a fisherman's daughter; gautama, of the
posteriors of a hare; vasishtha of Urvasi (a celestial nymph in the
court of Indra); and agastya of a water-pot; thus have we heard . Of
these, many rishis outside the caste have stood first among the teachers
of divine wisdom; therefore a class is not the brAhmaNa.
Is j~nAna the brAhmaNa ? No . Since there were many kShatriyas and
others well versed in the cognition of divine Truth, therefore j~nAna is
not the brAhmaNa.
Then is karma the brAhmaNa ? No . Since the prArabdha, sanchita,
Agami karmas are the same for all beings, and since all people perform
their actions impelled by karma, therefore karma is not the brAhmaNa.
Then is the doer of dharma (virtuous actions) the brAhmaNa ? No.
Since there are many kShatriyas, etc., who are givers of gold, therefore
a doer of virtuous actions is not the brAhmaNa.
Who indeed then is brAhmaNa ? Whoever he may be, he who has
directly realised his AtmA and who is directly cognizant, like the
myrobalan in his palm, of his AtmA, that is without a second, that is
devoid of class and actions, that is free from the faults of faults of
the six stains (hunger, thirst, grief, confusion, old age, and death) and
the six changes (birth, existence etc), that is of the nature of truth,
knowledge, bliss and eternity, that is without any change in itself, that
is the substratum of all the kalpas, that exists penetrating all things
that pervades everything within and without as AkAsh, that is of nature
of undivided bliss, that cannot be reasoned about and that is known only
by direct cognition . He who by the reason of having obtained his wishes
is devoid of the faults of thirst after worldly objects and passions, who
is the possessor of the qualifications beginning with sAma (dama,
uparati, titikShA, samadhana, sraddha), who is free from emotion,
malice, thirst after worldly objects, desire, delusion, etc., whose mind
is untouched by pride, egoism, etc., who possesses all these qualities
and means- he only is the brAhmaNa.
Such is the opinion of the veda, the smritis, the itihAsa, and
the purANa-s . Otherwise one cannot obtain the status of a brahmaNa . One
should meditate on his Atma as sachchidAnanda, and the non-dual
brahman . Yea, one should meditate on his Atma as the sachchidAnanda
brahman . Such is the upaniShad.
OM tat sat
Encoded any proofread by H.P. Raghunandan at hpraghu at genius.tisl.soft.net
OR Shrisha Rao shrao at dvaita.org
Translation by Madras Giridhar giridhar at chemeng.Isc.ernet.in
‘
Om ! May my organs and limbs, my speech, my breath, my strength and my sense organs like the ear, the eyes etc., become efficient enough to perform their respective duties properly and without any hindrance. Everything is Brahman as propounded and abundantly made clear in the Upanishads. Brahman cannot leave me aside. And I cannot afford to leave Brahman aside (since both are inseparably dovetailed and also since both are one and the same). I pray further that such an inseparable relation may continue for times to come. May I also pray that the virtues (as described in the Upanishads) of those wise men who dwell in the Atma (or the Soul) become part of me and reside in me.
Om Shanti ! Shanti ! Shanti !
Om! I shall now explain the Vajra-soosi Upanishad. (As the Vajra Soosi – a needle made of diamond – is used to pierce hard metal and minerals, so is) This Upanishad pierces the substance of Ignorance or avidyaa. For those who do not possess the (spiritual) Knowledge, it appears as a blank, useless piece whilst for those who have the bent towards this, it serves as a treasure of knowledge.
The Vedas and the Smrutis, (the secondary remembered texts which are supportive documents to the Vedas) talk about four classes of people viz., the Brahmanas, the Kshatriyas, the Vaisyas and the Sudras and they proclaim that the Brahmanas (not the Brahman – this is the Brahmana) are the most important of these. We should now enquire in to this and make an analytical review. Who is a Brahmanan? Is it the Jivan (the life or the Atma), is it the body, or the sect, or the knowledge, or the duties (cast on him), or is it the dharmas (the virtues he is bound to follow).
Primarily, if we say that the Jivan is the Brahmanan, it is just unacceptable. It is because of the fact that the Jivan is very much the same in all the different bodies that went (died) and are to come (to be born) and also because even if the Jivan is the same, he takes on many different bodies in accordance with the deeds of his and in all such bodies and shapes, the Jivan remains the same. So, one cannot conclude that Jivan is the Brahmanan.
However, if we try to say that the Body is the Brahmanan that again is unacceptable. This is because the body constituted of the five basic elements is very much the same for people of all classes up to those at the lowest level. Also the bodies of all classes of people are subject to almost the same sort of diseases and death and the body of each class is not any different in color so as to help distinction by color. Further, since the sons of a Brahmanan are not discredited with the blemish of “Brahmahathi” when they set fire to their father’s body, the body cannot be the Brahmanan.
But if we try to conclude that because of being (born) in a particular sect, one becomes a Brahmanan, this again is incomprehensible. This is because great wise men (Maharishis) have been given birth to by people of the lowest classes and even by creatures. To quote examples, the Rishi Rushyasrngar was given birth to by a deer, the great sage Kowsika was born of Dharba Grass (a variety of tall grass used for spiritual karmas), the sage Vaalmiki rose out of a mud-clan snakes’ nest, Veda Vyaasa was born to a girl of the fishing community, the sage Gowthama was born to a rabbit, the great rishi Vasishta was born to Oorvasi, who belonged to an artists’ (dancing) family, the sage Agasthya who is also referred to as Kumbha Muni is called so because he is believed to have born out of a pot or a Kumbha. We have heard of all these from the wise men. We have also heard about great men who have attained the spiritual knowledge even without attaining a birth like this. Hence, it is not right to say that one becomes a Brahmanan simply by reason of his being (born) in a particular sect or community.
If we try concluding that someone is a Brahmanan because of his knowledge that again is undependable. This is because there are umpteen examples of people born in the Kshatriya clan who have had a vision of the Supreme Divine and have gained the (spiritual) knowledge thereby. Thus, it will not be an acceptable decision.
If we try to conclude that someone is a Brahmanan because of the duties he is supposed to be performing, that again is invalid. This is because all the beings are guided and forced to do certain acts and duties based on their previous births and based upon their actions therein. Hence, one cannot be called as a Brahmanan even by the duties.
If we try concluding that one becomes a Brahmanan just by making certain gifts etc, that is unacceptable since we know of and have heard of a number of Kshatriya and other community people who have flooded the needy with a lot of gifts. Hence, it is not proper to identify one as a Brahmanan by this measure as well.
So, if there is a question as to “Who is a Brahmanan?”, it is that one who possesses the following qualities: The one who has identified himself with the Supreme Being and has become inseparable with it, the one who has no differentiation of sect, clan, duty or nature, who is out of the six stages of birth and death, who has crossed all the blemishes and curses, who has the aspects of truth, knowledge, happiness, joy and completeness in him, who is without a blemish and forms the basis of all imaginations, who resides within all living beings and controls them, who is all-pervading but undivided and joyous like the sky, who is not reachable to the mind and understandable only by practice and experience, who is of the aspect of Atma itself and who is unaffected by love and hate, who has destroyed the humanly diseases like desire, jealousy, greed etc, the one who is untouched by pride, the one who has the muktha lakshanam or who has satisfied the requirements of one awaiting liberation, such is the one who can be called and identified as a Brahmanan. This is the final understanding and verdict of all Vedas and Smrutis, the Puranas and the Ithihaasas.
There is no Brahmanism even if it goes against just one of these principles. One should understand the Atma as the truly joyous, non-dualistic Brahman. That truly joyous Brahman should be understood as the Atma. Such is the verdict of the Upanishad.
When one cross checks this information with the history of Tamils, Atlantis.,Osiris it clicks.
There were four ancient civilizations,
.Lemuria,
Atlantis,
Osirian and
Ikshvaku.
The timeline is from 76,000 BC!
Reference and citation.
76000 – 24000 B.C. Lemurian Civilization: Lemuria was an island which embraced all of present-day Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Oceania, western North America, and everything between. It was destroyed by earthquakes and then submerged about 26,000 years ago. Man’s first civilization arose on the continent of Lemuria 78,000 years ago and reached heights so great that our present civilization can barely be considered a civilization when compared to it. Government, religion, and science achieved such perfection as to be far beyond our present comprehension. Western Civilization is only about 2,500 years old and has narrowly survived its power-seeking rulers and priests. Our science and technology are but in their infancy and as yet consist of but relatively few rediscoveries. The religion of Lemuria was established on the laws of the universe by Christ Himself when He ruled Lemuria under the name Melchizedek.
22500 – 8500 B.C. Atlantean Civilization: After the destruction of Lemuria, Atlantis grew to be a great nation, which subsequently proved to be the world’s second-ranking civilization. It flourished for some 14,000 years until its submersion about 10,500 years ago. The name of this nation was Poseid, and it was the offspring of the colony which the Pfrees (overly practical) had originally established.
The nation of Poseid was inventive far beyond the wildest imaginings of modern scientists. Their fantastically advanced technology afforded consummate leisure, comfort, and a vast abundance of material things. Unfortunately, the people were much too preoccupied with the pursuit of physical pleasures and with the accumulation of luxurious possessions to take advantage of the opportunity to attain citizenship, and this shortcoming ultimately resulted in their downfall. Internal conflict arose when large numbers of Katholis (overly idealistic) deserted their cities in South and Central America and migrated to Poseid in order to escape their savagely warlike neighbors. The Katholi priests set about to bring Poseid under their sway, but they only succeeded in destroying the governmental and economic system which produced the wealth and luxuries they sought to usurp. Civil and religious warfare vexed the land until it submerged beneath the ocean waves.
When Atlantis sank in a localized earthquake, it left all the rest of the globe impoverished so far as technology was concerned. Nobody else knew how to duplicate that technology; so many of the things that had been used world-wide simply didn’t exist any longer. Even though technology gradually diminished in the rest of the world, they managed to be civilized towards one another. But then 3,000 years after the sinking of Atlantis came a world-wide reapportionment of the land masses.
5500 B.C. Osirian and Rama Nations: The third greatest civilization was the pre-dynastic Egyptian culture, known as Osiris, which was greatly different from the records that we are able to find of the various dynasties. The fourth greatest civilization was the Rama Empire in the Indian sub-continent. The common people in India then had an entirely different philosophy than the educated ruling families who, incidentally, were members of the Brotherhoods.
The pre-dynastic Egyptian culture was concurrent with the Rama Empire and both were concurrent with the end times of the Atlantean civilization. They were known as the three kings. Atlantis was predominantly a very practical group of people. The people in the Rama Empire of India were much more idealistic than they were either practical or mentally oriented. The Osirian nation was primarily noted for its use of mental techniques in a positive way.
The ancient Rama Empire in India became the fourth-ranking civilization under a dynasty of enlightened leaders who for a period of several centuries suppressed the priesthood. The Rama regime and predynastic Egypt had both managed to salvage some of their culture after the fall of Atlantis, but the rest of the world was reduced to a condition of brutal struggle for survival. The colonies of the world were irretrievably shut off from the technology of Atlantis, and in a few generations they reverted to a stone age-existence. The few manufacturing facilities not destroyed by world-wide earthquakes and tidal waves soon deteriorated from lack of raw materials to feed them. Stone replaced smelted metals for tools, and all too soon subsequent generations couldn’t believe anything other than stone had ever been used. Egypt and India were precariously spared from the far-reaching upheaval, and their weakened governments gradually succumbed to evil priests and war lords.
That last reapportionment 7,500 years ago put an end to the Rama Empire in India as well as the Osirian nation in the Mediterranean basin. Today, what we consider ancient history only goes back to about that cataclysm. What we commonly refer to as the “cradle” of civilization in the region of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers of today, was people coming back to some semblance of civilization and culture.
Lord Krishna married a Pandyan Princess and had a daughter whom he married her off to a Pandyan Prince.
Arjuna married a Pandyan Princess from Manalur Tamil Nadu and had a son.
Tamil Chera King Perunchotru Udiyan Neduncheralathan fed both Pandava and Kaurava army during the Mahabharata Battle..
Sahadeva and Balarama were on a Pilgrimage to South and Balarama worshiped Lord Subrahmanya in Tamil Nadu.
Parashurama established the present Kerala.
One issue intrigued me.
We had the Mahabharata War, there was a deluge later and Dwaraka was submerged.
Sage Agastya took families from Dwaraka and had them settled in what is now Karnataka and those who had settled in Tamil Nadu were called ‘Velirs’ and they had small Kingdoms in places like what is now called Krishnagiri and Dharmapuri.They took sides between the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas depending on the exigencies.
This would imply, at the time of the Tsunami which devoured Dwaraka, these people were moved by Agastya to South.
The same Tsunami, called as ‘kadalkol’ in Tamil devoured the South as well.
This Tsunami, incidentally is the third to strike the South, according to Tamil Literature and this is validated by foreign Flood legends and archaeology..
Now the issue is if people were moved from Dwaraka and settled in Tamil Nadu, it should have been after the Tsunami died down.
Then what happened to the Tamils living in the south during the period just before the Tsunami?
Where did they go?
The references to Tamil kings are found in the Ramayana which mention them as belonging to earlier period than Rama.
To be specific Tamil Kings were present in Damayanti Swayamvara.
There is Nala Theertha, a sacred pond where people take bath to be rid of Saturn, Shani’s influence, like Sade Saathi,seven and a half years.
The pond is in Thirunallar, Pondicherry and is famous for Shani temple.
Shiva worship preceded in south even before Vedic Period.
While Subrahmanya and Shiva merit only a limited mention in the Vedas, they are the principle Deities in the Dravida Desa.
And there was a Tamil Kingdom, Elamite, now the term has become corrupted to be Elam.
The Elamite people lived around the present Iran and spoke a Language which has been traced to Tamil.
The Tamils were referred to as Dramila in Vedic texts.
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The Mediterranean Peoples (Dravidians)
(Extracts from ‘The Original Indians — An Enquiry’ by Dr. A. Desai)
How the Mediterranean people came to be called Dravidians makes interesting story. The Pre-Hellenistic Lycians of Asi Minor, who where probably the Mediterranean stock called themselves Trimmili. Another tribe of this branch in the island of Crete was known by the name Dr(a)mil or Dr(a)miz. In ancient Sanskrit writings we find the terms Dramili and Dravidi, and then Dravida which referred to the southern portion of India.
South India was known to the ancient Greek and Roman geographers as Damirica or Limurike. Periplus Maris Erithroei (Periplus of the Eritrean Sea) in the second or third century AD described the maritime route followed by Greek ships sailing to the South Indian ports: “Then follow Naoura and Tundis, the first marts of Limurike and after these Mouziris and Nelkunda, the seats of government.â€
Not to forget the fact that Vaivaswatha Manu , ancestor of Rama lived in the south and moved to Ayodhya after the Tsunami.Please read my article on this.
Is there a subtle message here?
Yes,
This accounts for the missing chapters in Tamil and Bharatvarsha History and this would reconcile the seeming inconsistencies in Indian History.
How Sumerian Culture has its origins in Tamil and Sanatana Dharma,
How Rama, Dasaratha and Bharata’s names are mentioned as Kings of Sumeria in Sumerian Kings List,
How Devi, Subrahmanya were worshiped in the middle east,
St. Peter’s at Vatican resembles Shiva Liinga,
Celtics were the descendant of Brahmins…
Narada mountain is Urals..
So the spread of Hinduism from Russia towards its west, south west must have passed through Romania.
I have written an article how Iraq, Romania and Mount Kailash were connected connected by a Tunnel.
Now researchers have found the oldest civilization in Europe, which is 7000 years old.
That is the Cucuteni civilization.
Cucutam in Sanskrit means rooster and it is the flag of Lord Subrahmanya, called as Murugan in Tamil.
Murugan’ tribe called as Peacock tribe is found in Iraq.
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A 7000 Years Old Civilisation
About 7000 years ago, the oldest European civilization flourished in the central and eastern Europe. It was the Eneolithic Culture of Cucuteni, an ancient society of equal people. The scientific world came to recognize Cucuteni today as the first civilization of Europe.
Archaeologists have named this culture after the village of the same name. Cucuteni is a village in Iasi county where, between 1885 and 1910, excavations revealed remains dating from the Neolithic 4500-3000 BC.
Cucuteni was widespread in Moldova, north-eastern Wallachia, south-eastern Transylvania and Bassarabia and was characterized by a ceramic of high quality, rich and varied painted and statuettes representing human and animal forms.
Cucuteni ceramic culture is unique in Europe. Some similarities can be found just between Cucuteni ceramics and pottery and a neolithic culture in China. Between the two cultures it is anyway a very long time, the Chinese culture appearing about a millennium after Cucuteni.
Cucuteni preceded by several hundred years all human settlements in Sumer and ancient Egypt. According to these discoveries, the Cucuteni people were living in large settlements, a kind of proto-towns made up of buildings arranged in concentric circles.
..Occupation was hunting, farming and domestic crafts such as weaving, pottery and production of tools.
Predominant colors on Cucuteni ceramics are red, white and black, with some variations depending on the temperature at which the clay was burned. The forms are different, from simple glasses to large vessels such as amphorae.
Their artistic productions were dominated by repeated lines, circles and spirals that creates an optical illusion effect on vessels that were decorated in this unique way.
None of the anthropomorphic statuettes present any grotesque or angry feature. Rare male statuettes have faces covered by masks, while the female statuettes have long and slender legs. They are graceful, without masks and shows tattoos on the body.
There are no statues or figurines of chained slaves, or killed people. In the opinion of historians, this is a clear sign of an egalitarian and peaceful civilization. Experts talk about a cult of mother goddess. Cucuteni population practiced solar cults too, evident in pottery painting…
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The Cucuteni-Trypillian culture flourished in the territory of what is now Moldova, northeastern Romania and parts of Western, Central and Southern Ukraine.
The culture thus extended northeast from the Danube river basin around the Iron Gates to the Black Sea and the Dnieper. It encompassed the central Carpathian Mountains as well as the plains, steppe and forest steppe on either side of the range. Its historical core lay around the middle to upper Dniester (the Podolian Upland). During the Atlantic and Subboreal climatic periods in which the culture flourished, Europe was at its warmest and moistest since the end of the last Ice Age, creating favorable conditions for agriculture in this region.
As of 2003, about 3000 cultural sites have been identified, ranging from small villages to “vast settlements consisting of hundreds of dwellings surrounded by multiple ditches
Due to misinformation and doctored history, we feel we belong to different states.
The Sanatana Dharma culture permeated the whole Fabric of India.
Yes.
We did and do speak different languages but we are one as a Bharatvanshi, united by our common culture.
Someswara Temple,Old Madiwala,Bangalore. The temple is said to be a Chola period structure, making it one among Bangalore’s oldest. The earliest record dates to 1247 AD.source.By Eshwar.om at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42152193
One can find evidence of this if one observes the practices followed in each state of India.
I have written about a 7000 year old Shiva Temple in Malleswaram, Bangalore.
We have one more Shiva temple which is 800 years old.
‘Non-Bangaloreans perhaps conjure up images of silk when they hear these words. Almost certainly, an 800-year-old temple is not what you would associate with that bustling junction… which makes the Someshwara temple one of IT city’s best kept secrets.
The temple is in old Madivala, a place where shops and houses open out onto narrow lanes that twist this way and that, and where children still play cricket in the bylanes. And while traffic-induced chaos reigns supreme at the Silk Board junction, peace and quiet hold sway at the Someswhara temple a mere kilometre away.
The stone temple is said to be a Chola period temple, making it one among Bangalore’s oldest. And there is ample proof of its antiquity. Large portions of its outer walls are covered with inscriptions in Tamil and Grantha (an old script used to write Sanskrit) characters, attesting to the temple’s age. The earliest record dates to 1247 AD and refers to lands donated “below the big tank of Vengalur” by a resident of ‘Veppur’ (modern-day Begur). Other inscriptions seem to have followed in quick succession, recording grants made during the reigns of Hoysala king Ballala III and Chola king Rajendra. One record, from 1365, mentions a land grant at Tamaraikkirai (meaning ‘the banks of the lotus pond’ in Tamil). Epigraphy expert H S Gopala Rao, Secretary of the Karnataka Itihasa Academy, points out that this is the old name for what we today know as Tavarekere.
Apart from its obvious age, the Madivala area may have much else to boast about. Gopala Rao mentions how inscriptions have been found elsewhere in Bangalore which suggest that the illustrious Krishnadevaraya, the most famous king of the Vijayanagar empire, himself spent some time in Madivala.
Today, though, there are no trappings of royalty, either in Madivala or in the Someshwara temple. The temple underwent extensive renovations five years ago, but as Gopala Rao says, fortunately, the inscriptions were largely unharmed. The temple’s outer walls that carry the inscriptions and also idols of various gods including Ganesha, Durga and Vishnu, remain unaltered.
Inside, apart from shiny new flooring, the garba griha and artha mantapa were untouched. These inner chambers still remain small and darkened spaces that encourage a personal and intimate communion with the Lord.
Apart from four carved pillars, the artha mantapa has a large and elegantly proportioned granite Nandi facing the linga. Behind the Nandi, the eastern wall of the temple has a small opening that is directly in line with the linga.
In the days before Madivala was engulfed in buildings, the sun’s rays entered through this small opening to illuminate the linga. According to the priest, K Achyuta Rao, the temple’s deity is a Swayambhu linga, i.e., it is said to have manifested itself without any human agency.
This refreshingly quiet and serene temple remains open for worship from 7:30 to 11:00 in the mornings and from 5:30 to 8:30 in the evenings. ‘
‘The Someshware temple at Madivala is one of Bangalore’s oldest, dating back to the Chola period. There are a number of Tamil and Grantha inscriptions on the outer walls of the temple. The oldest of these inscriptions dates to 1247 AD talks about a land grants “below the big tank of Vengalur” by a Veppur (modern Begur) resident. Other inscriptions also talk about other land grants including those done during the reigns of Ballala III and Rajendra Chola. Another instrciption dated 1365 talks about land grand at Tamaraikkirai (which translates to ‘lotus pond bank’ in Tamil, and according to HS Gopala Rao, Secretary of the Karnataka Itihasa Academy refers to the present day Tavarekere suburb
Old Madiwala Sri Someshwara Temple located in Bangalore city (also Bengaluru) is dedicated to the deity Someshwara (the Hindu god Shiva). It is one among the oldest temples in the city and dates back to the Chola Empire period.The temple belongs to the early 12th century.(1247 AD).
The temple houses a “Swayambu” Shiva lingam in it Sanctum Sanctorum (Shiva lingam formed by natural Rock Formation). But unlike other ancient temples in Bangalore, this temple is in good shape and cared well by people around. This shows the real strength people have in protecting our heritage without outside help. It is very powerful and Ancienttemple.
General conception i that Kempe Gowda established Bangalore around 1537 CE.
‘A succession of South Indian dynasties, the Western Gangas, the Cholas and the Hoysalas, ruled the present region of Bangalore until in 1537 CE, Kempé Gowdā – a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire – established a mud fort considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore.’
Yet we find a 7000 year old Temple in Malleshwaram and another Someshwara Temple in Madivala,Bangalore.
Bangalore, hence, must be older than what is believed.
The Western Ganga Dynasty, called Mel(west) Gangar find reference in Tamil literature of the period of Rajaraja Chola, who built the Thanjavur Big Temple in Tamil Nadu and Rajendra Chola, his son who built the Gangai Konda Cholapuram, Tamil Nadu.
Western Ganga dynasty ruled Karnataka and lasted from about 350 to 1000 AD.
Later came the Cholas and Hoysalas.
However my research indicates Karnataka to be much older, considering that Lord Rama’s brother in Law Rishyasrunga lived in Sringeri.
And there are references to Karnataka region in ancient Tamil literature.
I shall be writing on this shortly.
While going through Indian History from Indian sources, including the Purana and Tamil Literature( I unfortunately know only Tamil and Sanskrit;wish I have learnt more Indian languages), a curious fact emerges.
Though King fought for supremacy with each other, common people remained close together, except during wars.
There were marriages between people regions belonging to different regions.
The Kings to married from other dynasties.
Rajendra helped his nephew Rajaraja defeat Vijayaditya. His armies defeated Vijayadiya in Vengi and Jayasimha in the battle of Maski.
The village Kadugodi, Whitefield was built during the period of Rajendra Chola.
‘Kadugodi (ಕಾಡುಗೋಡಿ IPA: [Kāḍugōḍi]), known as Kadugudi was founded by the great Cholas Dynasty. It is located in Whitefield, Bangalore in the state of Karnataka. Kadugodi comes from “kadu” & “Gudi” meaning “temple in a forest” in Kannada.’
Also the ‘KaShivishwanatha Temple (Built in the period of Cholas Dynasty) recently it has been re constructed. 2. Sree RamanjanEya temple (one of the oldest temple) 3. Shiva temple (another Oldest temple)’
Cholas Dynasty’s Inscriptions dating from 1043AD exists in Kadugodi, from the period of Rajendra Chola I, which describes the construction of the Pattanduru Lake, and Ganesh, Durga and Kshetrapaala temples by Chola chieftain Raja Raja Velan son of Permadi Gavunda.
I have written on the presence of artifacts in the middle east, areas surrounding it in Europe which indicate the presence of Sanatana Dharma and Tamil in the culture of Mesopotamia and Sumeria.
Akkadian Relgious artifact.Trishul or Subrahmanya’s Spear?
Akkadian King List. Note the similarities to Sanskrit Names.
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1.Lord Rama’s Chapel was found in UR, Iraq.*
2.A burial ground called as Nagar is fond in Syria. It is called Tel Brak now.
3.Idols of Rama,Sita and Lakshmana are found.*
4.Ancestors of the Syrians were the Halaf and Ubaid.
They date back to 6100 BC.
They had connection with the Tamils and this is reflected in the ruins of Nagar.*
These people traded with the Tamils.
”Naram-Sin traded with Meluhha (almost certainly corresponding to the Indus Valley civilization), and controlled a large portion of land along the Persian Gulf. He expanded his empire by defeating the King of Magan at the southern end of the Persian Gulf, and conquering the hill tribes to the north in the Taurus Mountains.
5.Akkadian’s( Forefathers of the Sumerians) Moon God was Naram Sin, Narasimha.*
6.There are repeated references in the Sumerian/Akkadian language to Meluuha.
7.Ancient Tamil Brahmi Scripts were found in Oman and Egypt.
These facts establish that,
The Tamils were an advanced civilisation by 2200 BC(Akkadian Empire)
The Hindu Gods and Goddesses were worshiped in Sumeria,
Names of Lord Rama and Bharata were found in the Kings List of Sumeria.’
‘A Tamil-Brahmi script inscribed on a potsherd, which was found at the Khor Rori area in Oman, has come to light now. The script reads “nantai kiran” and it can be dated to first century CE, that is, 1900 years before the present. The discovery in the ancient city of Sumhuram has opened a new chapter in understanding the maritime trade of the Indian Ocean countries, according to specialists in history.
Please read the related posts of the above as well.
Who are Akkadians?
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The Akkadian Empire/əˈkeɪdiən/ was the first ancient Semitic-speaking empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad/ˈækæd/ and its surrounding region, also called Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia. The empire united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers for the first time under one rule. The Akkadian Empire controlled Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, Kuwait, northeast Syria and southeast Turkey), the Levant (modern Syria and Lebanon), and eastern and southern parts of Anatolia(modern Turkey) and Iran, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Meluhha (modern Bahrain and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula.
During the 3rd millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism. Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere between the 3rd and the 2nd millennia BC (the exact dating being a matter of debate).
The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad (2334–2279 BC). Under Sargon and his successors, the Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam and Gutium. Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history, though there are earlier Sumerian claimants.
Elam was an Empire of Tamils which exited before the great Flood probably in Lemuria.
And there was one more Tamil Empire in the North west of India.
Please read my article Two Tamil Empires?
After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the people of Mesopotamia eventually coalesced into two major Akkadian-speaking nations: Assyria in the north, and, a few centuries later, Babylonia in the south.”
Now there is a theory that Rishi Angirasa was worshiped/funded the Akkadian Empire
There seven Seers of Hinduism, who, at the beginning of every time cycle formulate the code of conduct, texts to follow.
These are called Saptha(7) Rishis.
They are.,
Atri,
Bhrigu,
Kutsa,
Vasishta,
Gautama,
Kasyapa and
Angirasa.
Now. the theory states that.
‘The supreme deity of the Sumerian pantheon is AN, or Anu. In the first two letters of the Sanskrit word An-gir-as, AN could refer to Anu. GIR might relate to the Akkadian fire-god— fire as in rocket propulsion. DinGIR in the cuneiform writing meant sky or heaven, and also a god or goddess. The masters of the sky were perceived as deities by the earthbound. This reminds of Angiras and his descendants, the Angirasas, as a group of higher beings who traversed the realms between gods and men — an inter-stellar and inter-dimensional elite…
The Angirasas and the Bhrigus families “…represent the pre-Rig Vedic past: they go so far back into the past that not only are they eponymous founders of these families (Angiras and Bhrigu respectively), but even certain other ancient Rishis belonging to these families (Brihaspati, Atharvan, Ushana) are already remote mythical persons in the Rigveda; and the names of the two families are already names for mythical and ritual classes: the Angirasas are deified as ‘a race of higher beings between Gods and men’ …the Bhrigus and the Atharvans are synonymous with fire-priests in general. …the names of these two families are also found in the Iranian and Greek texts…” [Shrikant G. Talageri]..
No one can compare the Avestan poetry with the Indian [Rigvedic] poetry in its content, in its style of expression, and in its entire coloring, without coming to the conclusion, on account of their agreement in small details which force themselves on us at every step, that both the literatures point not only to a common origin of these two peoples and their religions, but also to a community of Indo-Iranian religious poetry, developed in well-established forms.
[Hermann Oldenberg]
“The name Anu or Ânava for the Iranians appears to have survived even in later times: the country and the people in the very heart of Avesta land, to the immediate north of Hâmûn-i Hilmand, were known as late as Greek times as the Anauon or Anauoi. The names of Anu tribes in the Rigveda and the Puranas can be clearly identified with the names of the most prominent tribes among latter-day Iranians.” [Shrikant G. Talageri]..
….Malati J. Shendge says “Sanskrit is derived from Akkadian and Sumerian…Sanskrit is not a language of the Aryas…It is essentially a lineal descendent of the languages of the Asuras.” She states that the Rig Veda does not belong to the Aryas and in fact in her view this was “purely an assumption without any firm basis.” And she states “…it is possible to find parallels in the Akkadian sources to many clans and personal names of the poets of Rig Vedic compositions, and of the Asuras, the enemies of Indra.” She believes that the language of the Rig Veda — [meaning the older Vedic Sanskrit which is very different from the latter classical Sanskrit] — is a form of Akkadian and “that the Akkadian in the process of evolution has become what we know today as Sanskrit….
References and citations.
Prolegomena on Metre and Textual History of the Rigveda, by Hermann Oldenberg, Berlin 1888; translated into English by V.G. Paranjape and M.A. Mehendale; Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Ltd., Delhi, 2005.
The Rig Veda and the History of India, by David Frawley; Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 2001, 2003.
The RIGVEDA, A Historical Analysis, by Shrikant G. Talageri; Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 2000, 2004.
The Civilized Demons: The Harappans in Rigveda, by Malati J. Shendge; Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1977.
The Language of the Harappans: From Akkadian to Sanskrit, by Malati J. Shendge; Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1997.
The relationship between Tamil and Sanatana Dharma is intriguing.
Their relationship is one of cordiality , mutual respect and admiration for each other.
The Tamil Kings are spoken of highly in the Vedas and Puranas.
They were invited to the Swayamvara of. Damayanthi, who predates Lord Rama, Rama Sita marriage, Draupadi Swayamvara and Yudhistra’s Rajasuya Yaga.
Tamil King Udiyan Cherallathan provided food for both the Pandava and Kaurava armies during the Mahabharata War.
Vedic India
Madurai Meenakshi’s father Malayathdwaja participated in the Mahabharata war fighting along side the Pandavas.
Lord Krishna was invited to Tamil Poets ‘Conclave at Madurai(probably the Thenmadurai, now sunk) and he participated in it.
Krishna and Arjuna married Pandyan Princesses;Krishna had a daughter and had her married to a Pandyan Prince, while Arjuna had a son.
Krishna’s elder brother Balarama visited south and worshiped Lord Subrahmanya.
And of course Parashurama, who established the present Kerala.
Sage Viswamitra’s descendant Apasthamba wrote the Veda Sutra called Apasthama Sutra by integrating Tamil practices like Thaali, Mangalya, which is not found in the Vedas.
Brahmins in the south of India follow Apasthamba sutra even today.
Rama’ ancestor Vaivaswatha Manu migrated from the south to Ayodhya to found Ikshvaku Dynasty.
Manu migrated to Ayodhya because of a Tsunami recorded in Tamil Classic, Sangam Literature.
So there should have been no presence of any dynasty in the north if we go by this hypothesis .
However there was a Chola king, who ruled from North, much before the great Flood.
He was King Sibi and Cholas call themselves the descendants of Kashyapa.
This Sibi is mentioned in Tamil Literature and in Puranas a belonging to Suryavansh.
He built a temple near Srirangam in Tamil Nadu for Lord Vishnu.
It is the Thiruvellarai Pundareekakshar temple, about 20km from Srirangam
Sibi is reported to have fought an army of Asuras here.
And we have a a site of about a Million years in Chennai which belongs to advanced Tamil civilization.
Another one is at Adhichanallur which dates back to 11000 years.
Thee site refer to Sanatana Dharma.
And Sanatana Dharma refer Tamils!
Tamil Brahmi is found in Harappa.
Tamil Sangam period Towns,harbor names are found in Indus Valley Civilization.
Thee names are.
Vanji, capital of Chera Kingdom,
Gorkai, in Afghanistan
a Pandya harbor, Matrai(Madurai), Urai(Uraiyur capital of Cholas), Koodal kat(kodal, name for Madurai),in Pakistan,
‘சிந்துவெளி மற்றும் அரப்பாவில் ”கொற்கை, வஞ்சி, தொண்டி வளாகம்”
சிந்துவெளியில் சங்கத் தமிழரின் துறைமுகங்கள், தலைநகரங்கள் மற்றும் ஊர்களின் பெயர்கள்
பாகிஸ்தானிலுள்ள கொற்கை (Gorkai. Gorkhai), வஞ்சி (Vanji), தொண்டி(Tondi), மத்ரை (Matrai), உறை (Urai), கூடல் கட் (Kudal Garh) மற்றும் கோளி (Koli); ஆப்கானிஸ்தானிலுள்ள கொற்கை (Korkay. Gorkay). பூம்பகார் (Pumbakar) ஆகிய ஊர்ப் பெயர்கள் சங்க இலக்கியங்களில் குறிப்பிடப்பட்டுள்ள தலைநகரங்கள் மற்றும் துறைமுக நகரங்களின் பெயர்களான கொற்கை. வஞ்சி. தொண்டி. மதுரை. உறையூர். கூடல். கோழி. பூம்புகார் ஆகியவற்றை நினைவுபடுத்துகின்றன.
Lord Rama, whose name is found in the Sumerian King List as a King of Sumer,along with Dasaratha and Bharata, fought a war against Atlantis people to help Horus , on of Osiris,.
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Leading Osiris’s Egyptian armies was Osiris’ eldest son Horus. After Osiris’ unfortunate ‘death’, Horus succeeded his father as king of the Libyan/Egyptian Empire. Intuitively, Horus knew what would happen when they landed in Libya. He completely distrusted his uncle. Horus persistently warned his father about Seth’s stubbornness and treachery. Osiris, believing in the goodness of the human heart, initially ignored his son’s advice. Subsequently, Osiris landed in Libya and after Seth’s abdication became Emperor’
After the demise of Osiris, his son Horus entered into a pact with Rama Empire(Emperor Zata’ar’s eldest son, Prince Rama.) to defeat Seth, the usurper.’
The Atlantis army met with Rama’s Army in Rishi City, now in Pakistan…..
There were four ancient empires.
Rama’s Empire,
Atlantis Empire,
Uighur Empire and
Lemurian Empire.
Of these Uighur was not very advanced and Lemuria which had been on the wane was trying to recoup.
They were suppressed by the Atlantis people.
In the Atlantis, Osiris’ son Horus entered into an alliance with Rama to defeat Seth who was trying to become independent in the Sumerian valley.
This means that Mohenjo Daro was a flourishing civilization before the Rama War with Atlantis people.
Yet there was a Chola King much before the advent of Rama.
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The contention of Dr Parpola and the Dravidian politicians of Tamilnadu is that Tamils have descended form the IVC locations of North India. The verse by poet Kapilar in fact traces the origins of the King IrungoveL to Dwaraka. He says that he belonged to the 49th generation of the king who was born of the Sacrificial Fire conducted by the sage of the North. This king ruled Dwaraka, so says the poet. Reserving the other details of this verse for a future post, I am now concentrating on another description in that song.
( There is another interpretation on the interpretatiion of the term Sacrificial fire
Kapilar describes Dwaraka as being surrounded by walls made of copper.
நீயே, வடபால் முனிவன் தடவினுள் தோன்றிச், செம்பு புனைந்து இயற்றிய சேண்நெடும்புரிசை,
உவரா ஈகைத், துவரை ஆண்டு,
நாற்பத்து ஒன்பது வழிமுறை வந்த
வேளிருள் வேளே!
This means “O king IrungoveL! you were the 49th king in the lineage of the king, who was born of the sacrificial fire conducted by the sage and ruled Dwarka which was surrounded by long / tall walls of copper.”
From the commentary that Dr U.Ve.Sa found out form the palm leaf manuscripts :-
“நீ தான் வட பக்கத்து முனிவனுடைய ஓம குண்டத்தின் கண் தோன்றிச் செம்பால்புனைத்து செய்தாலொத்த சேய்மையை உடைத்தாகிய நெடிய மதிலை உடைய துவராவதிஎன்னும் படை வீட்டை ஆண்டு, வெறுப்பில்லாத கொடையினை உடையராய் நாற்பத்தொன்பது தலைமுறை தொன்றுபட்டு வந்த வேள்களுள் வைத்து வேளாய்உள்ளாய்!”..
‘This king was not in Dwaraka when Kapilar met him and sang this verse. He was ruling some part of the western ghats in present day’s Karnataka. This Vel’s kingdom was different from the Tamil lands of the 3 kings (Chera, Chola and Pandya). The next verse was on the same king sung by Kapilar in which he describes his land in the hills.
This king’s palace was not surrounded by walls of copper. Copper walls were there in the kingdom of his ancestors in Dwaraka.Assuming that 3 kings lived per century, we can say that 1600 years have passed by the time this 49th king had come into being. The period of this king is not exactly known, but can be deciphered from Kapilar’s other connections. Kapilar was a close friend of another VeL king, Paari who was killed by the 3 Tamil kings. Kapilar took care of Parri’s orphaned daughters and approached another Vel king, IrungoveL to request him to marry the two daughters of Paari. This verse contains that request.
So there seems to be a Dynasty belonging to Suryavansh in the North and it declined or swallowed by Tsunami from the Arabian Sea, this could have either the second or the first Great flood mentioned in the Tamil Classics.
And we have references to Sage Agastya, settling the people from the sinking Dwaraka in Tamil Nadu and the present Karnataka.
Considering all this I proposed that there could have been two Tamil Empires.
As t whether Tamils came from the Sanatana Dharma people or vice versa, it is difficult t postulate.
I am providing an abstract from one theory on this.
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Abstract
Can Sankam corpus, the ancient extant Dravidian literature, be a source to identify the language of the Indus script; a collateral evidence to estimate the ethno-linguistic composition of Indus Civilization? I seek to answer this question in affirmative.
I have located a group of place names in the Indus –Harappan geographies (modern Pakistan and adjoining regions), which I choose to call as “Korkay, Vanji, Tondi Complex.” This ‘complex’ contains perfect parallels to “Korkai-Vanji-Tondi” and many other geographical names and anthroponyms attested in Sankam Tamil texts.
I propose that these identical name-heritage complexes of the north-western geographies and the extreme south provide reliable markers for the probable migration of Dravidians following the collapse of Indus Valley Civilization. I call in the evidence of “bone-eating camel” described in Akananooru as a testimony for the earlier presence of Dravidians in the north-western geographies (particularly Gujarat).
And, I conclude that the Sankam corpus in part represents the ‘carried forward memories’ of a remote past, the coordinates of which can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization and late Harappan cultures and relevant geographies.’
I have written on how the Idol of Lord Subrahmanya at Sikkal , near Kumbakonam sweats on the Skanda Shasti day as soon as he receives the Spear, Vel from his mother Parvathi, to fight against Surapadma.
Subrahmanya sweats after receiving Spear
The day he destroyed Surapadma is celebrated as Skanda Sashti annual festival in Murugan temples in Tamil Nadu.
Subrahmanya Sweats on Skanda Shasti, Sikkil Singaravelar.
I was unable to get live pictures od Murugan swaeting then.
One of the archakas of the temple sent me the pictures.
I have, in many articles, mentioned that the history of Bharatavarsha can be understood properly only if one sheds the regional approach, that is of trying to prove that one region or a linguistic group is older than the others.
India, West Bengal, Murshidabad, late 19th century Sculpture Ivory 24 3/8 x 42 x 6 1/2 in. (61.91 x 106.68 x 16.51 cm) Gift of Cynthia and Ken Boettcher, Laguna Niguel, California (M.82.154) South and Southeast Asian Art Currently on public view: Ahmanson Building, floor 4
Bharatavarsha was so vast that it encompassed nearly the whole world as can be seen in Rama’s Empire, that it did not matter as to which region spoke which language.
As I have written they had Prakrit as a common language, with Sanskrit forming the literary base and the regional language determined locally.
They used Pali language as well.
The influence of Prakrit, Pali and Sanskrit can be seen in all the languages of India.
Over some languages these three exerted more influence and in some very negligible.
One you would find the influence of these languages to be the least to the extent as to be almost nil as in Tamil where structure of the Language is totally at variance with all Indian Languages.
Yet they formed a part of Sanatana Dharma.
The Tamils and the Sanatana Dharma coexisted through out history, contrary to what the say in the Aryan Invasion Theory.
Please read my articles on this.
The Tamils had a flourishing civilization during the period of Ramayana and in fact preceded the Ramayana as one finds reference to Sibi, aancestor of Rama in Tamil and a temple built by him is near Srirangam, Tamil Nadu.
The temple at Tiruvellarai is dedicated to Lord Vishnu and it was built when he subjugated the tribes in the south.
And Rama’s ancestor Vaivaswataha Manu migrated fro the south to Ayodhya when the south was struck bu a Tsunami, recorded in Tamil Sangam Literature and in the Bhagavatha and Vishnu Puranas.
While one group led by Manu left for Ayodhya , another left, under Shiva, Ganesha and Vasihsta to wards the west through middle east.
The third one left towards the east of India , led by Subrahmanya, called Murugan.
A part of this group seems to have moved towards the area of Gangetic plains of Bengal, Bangla.
I had written a detailed article on the Dravidian origin of Bengalis.
Bengal region was founded by Vanga
‘The founders of five eastern kingdoms, which included: Angas, Vangas, Kalingas, Pundras and Suhmas shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named Vali (Bali), born by a sage named Gautama Dirghatamas, who lived in Magadha close to the city of Girivraja.
References in Mahabharata.
At (6:9) the Angas, the Vangas and the Kalingas were mentioned as close kingdoms in Bharata Varsha (Ancient India). All regions of sacred waters and all other holy palaces there were in Vanga and Kalinga, Arjuna visited all of them, during his pilgrimage lasting for 12 years throughout the ancient India.
The founders of five eastern kingdoms, which included: Angas, Vangas, Kalingas, Pundras and Suhmas shared a common ancestry. They were all adopted sons of a king named Vali (Bali), born by a sage named Gautama Dirghatamas, who lived in Magadha close to the city of Girivraja….
The kings of Anga, Vanga and Pundra were mentioned as attending the court of Yudhishthira at (2:4). The Vangas, Angas, Paundras, Odras, Cholas, Dravidas and Andhrakas were mentioned to be giving tribute to Yudhishthira (3:51). The Angas, the Vangas, the Punras, the Sanavatyas, and the Gayas—these good and well-born Kshatriyas distributed into regular clans and trained to the use of arms, brought tribute unto king Yudhishthira by hundreds and thousands. The Vangas, the Kalingas, the Magadhas, the Tamraliptas, the Supundrakas, the Dauvalikas, the Sagarakas, the Patrornas, the Saisavas, and innumerable Karnapravaranas, were found waiting at the gate (2:51)’
AlDng with dravidas, the Vangas. were called as Dasyus, because they differed with the Sanatna Dharma on some practices.
As the Vangas fought against Krishna, they were treated by the central India Sanatana Dharma as enemies.
And the Vangas took the side of Kaurvas in the Mahabharata War.
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Vanga army was skilled in handling war elephants. They sided with the Kauravas.
Vangas sided with Duryodhana in the Kurukshetra War (8:17) along with the Kalingas. They are mentioned as part of the Kauravaarmy at (7:158). Many foremost of combatants skilled in elephant-fight, belonging to the Easterners, the Southerners, the Angas, the Vangas, the Pundras, the Magadhas, the Tamraliptakas, the Mekalas, the Koshalas, the Madras, the Dasharnas, the Nishadas united with the Kalingas (8:22). Satyaki, pierced the vitals of the elephant belonging to the king of the Vangas (8:22)
It may be noted that the Nishadas were with the Kalingas.
Nishadas are Hunter tribe.
Guha who offered hospitality to Lord Rama on Rama’s exile was a Nishada.
Nishadas were from the Dravidian tribe from the present Kerala region.
Shiva is called Nishada and there is a temple of Shiv as Kiradha in Kerala.
Origin of the word Bangla.
The exact origin of the word Bangla is unknown, though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang/Banga that settled in the area around the year 1000 BCE. Other accounts speculate that the name is derived from Venga (Bôngo), which came from the Austric word “Bonga” meaning the Sun-god. According to the Mahabharata, a number of Puranas and the Harivamsha Vanga was one of the adopted sons of King Vali who founded the Vanga Kingdom. It was either under Magadh or under Kalinga Rules except few years under Pals.The Muslim accounts refer that “Bong”, a son of Hind (son of Hām who was a son of Prophet Noah/Nooh) colonised the area for the first time.[ The earliest reference to “Vangala” (Bôngal) has been traced in the Nesari plates (805 AD) of Rashtrakuta Govinda III which speak of Dharmapala as the king of Vangala. The records of Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty, who invaded Bengal in the 11th century, speak of Govindachandra as the ruler of Vangaladesa. Shams-ud-din Ilyas Shah took the title “Shah-e-Bangla” and united the whole region under one government.
An interesting theory of the origin of the name is provided by Abu’l-Fazl in his Ain-i-Akbari. According to him, “[T]he original name of Bengal was Bung, and the suffix “al” came to be added to it from the fact that the ancient rajahs of this land raised mounds of earth 10 feet high and 20 in breadth in lowlands at the foot of the hills which were called “al”. From this suffix added to the Bung, the name Bengal arose and gained currency
‘Stone Age tools dating back 20,000 years have been excavated in the state.[15] Remnants of Copper Age settlements in the Bengal region date back 4,000 years.[16] The original settlers spoke non-Aryan languages— they may have spoken Austric or Austro-Asiatic languages like the languages of the present-day Kola, Bhil, Santhal, Shabara, and Pulinda people. At a subsequent age, peoples speaking languages from two other language families— Dravidian and Tibeto-Burman—seem to have settled in Bengal. Archaeological discoveries during the 1960s furnished evidence of a degree of civilisation in certain parts of Bengal as far back as the first millennium BC..
.Some references indicate that the primitive people in Bengal were different in ethnicity and culture from the Vedic people beyond the boundary of Aryandom and who were classed as “Dasyus”. The Bhagavata Purana classes them as sinful people while Dharmasutra of Baudhayana prescribes expiatory rites after a journey among the Pundras and Vangas. Mahabharata speaks of Paundraka Vasudeva who was lord of the Pundras and who allied himself with Jarasandha against Krishna. The Mahabharata also speaks of Bengali kings called Chitrasena and Sanudrasena who were defeated by Bhima and Kalidasa mentions Raghu defeating a coalition of Vanga kings.
‘ A thalassocracy and an entrepôt of the historic Silk Road, Ancient Bengal established colonies on Indian Ocean islands and in Southeast( Naval Power) Asia
As Raghu is the ancestor of Rama and ancient Tamil site Poompuhar which talks about Mahabharta , Krishna and Vangas and Kalingas, it stands to reason that Bengal, which includes the present Bangladesh is at least 25,000 years old, predate Rama and the people were a part of Dravidas.
